Abstract
Drained To Death: The Hidden Impact Of Anemia On Heart Failure Mortality - A 23-year Nationwide Analysis (2000-2022)
Journal of cardiac failure, Vol.32(1), pp.288-289
01/2026
DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2025.11.291
Abstract
Introduction
Anemia is a common comorbidity in heart failure and has been associated with worse clinical outcomes, including increased mortality. However, long-term trends in heart failure mortality linked to anemia remain unclear. This study examines a 23-year nationwide dataset to assess mortality trends and significant shifts over time.
Hypothesis
We hypothesize that heart failure mortality associated with anemia has undergone significant changes over the past two decades, with periods of decline and stabilization. Additionally, we expect sex-specific differences in mortality trends, reflecting variations in disease progression and healthcare access among male and female patients.
Methods
Data was extracted from the CDC-WONDER database using heart failure (I50.0-I50.9) and anemia (D50-D64) ICD-10 codes from 2000-2022. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess temporal trends, calculating annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) to evaluate disparities across gender and place of death.
Results
This 23-year nationwide analysis (2000-2022) revealed significant declines in heart failure mortality associated with anemia. A sharp decline was observed between 2005 and 2008, with an APC of -52.87% (95% CI: -57.42 to -38.22, p < 0.000001). From 2008 to 2022, the trend stabilized, showing a slight but non-significant decline of -0.64% (95% CI: -3.06 to 2.45, p = 0.653). Sex-stratified analyses demonstrated similar trends. Among females, mortality decreased significantly from 2005 to 2008, with an APC of -53.2582% (95% CI: -58.4445 to -37.3693, p < 0.000001). In males, a significant decline in mortality was observed from 2005 to 2008 (APC = -55.50%, 95% CI: -60.57 to -39.68, p < 0.000001). The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for the entire study period (2000-2022) was -9.63% (95% CI: -10.87 to -7.56, p < 0.000001), demonstrating a significant overall decline in heart failure mortality associated with anemia. Sex-stratified AAPC estimates showed similar trends, with females exhibiting an AAPC of -10.0272% (95% CI: -11.52 to -7.67, p < 0.000001) and males showing an AAPC of -8.42% (95% CI: -9.95 to -6.22, p < 0.000001). The majority of heart failure-related deaths occurred in nursing homes or long-term care facilities, followed by inpatient medical facilities.
Conclusion
Heart failure mortality associated with anemia declined significantly from 2005 to 2008, followed by stabilization through 2022. The trends were consistent across sexes, with females experiencing a slightly greater reduction. These findings highlight progress in managing anemia-related mortality in heart failure but warrant continued monitoring.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Drained To Death: The Hidden Impact Of Anemia On Heart Failure Mortality - A 23-year Nationwide Analysis (2000-2022)
- Creators
- Muhammad Usman Haider - Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterRahul Patel - J. Iverson Riddle Developmental CenterSeema Gul - Wilkes-Barre VA Medical CenterIshtiaq Ahmad - Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterHasan Ilyas - Delray Medical CenterZahin Shahriar - Dhaka Medical College and HospitalZaryab Bacha - Khyber Medical UniversityMian Zahid Jan Kakakhel - Khyber Medical CollegeKrish Patel - CU Shah Medical College and HospitalMohamed Hemida - Alexandria UniversityDaniah Rizwan - Mayo HospitalVyom Patel - Vincennes UniversityZaraq Khan - Vincennes University
- Resource Type
- Abstract
- Publication Details
- Journal of cardiac failure, Vol.32(1), pp.288-289
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cardfail.2025.11.291
- ISSN
- 1071-9164
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 01/2026
- Academic Unit
- Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9985131338702771
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