Abstract
Racial And Gender Disparities In Heart Failure And Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality A Growing Crisis In The U.S
Journal of cardiac failure, Vol.32(1), p.349
01/2026
DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2025.11.437
Abstract
Background
In the United States, Heart failure (HF) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) rank among the leading causes of death, and there have been worrying racial and gender differences in mortality rates across the nation. The factors underlying these disparities have yet to be thoroughly investigated.In order to eliminate the research gaps in heart failure and Alzheimer's disease-related mortality, additional studies and a multifaceted approach that takes into consideration these disparities are required. This study evaluates the gender and racial diversity of HF and AD and examines their mortality trends in U.S from 1999 to 2020.
Methods
Death certificates from the CDC WONDER (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) database were examined from 1999 to 2020to analyse mortality trends due to HF and AD. The annual percent change (APC) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 people were computed and stratified by gender and race. Trends were evaluated using join point regression analysis and P values less than 0.05was considered statistically significant The ICD codes for HF was 150 (150.0, 150.1, 150.9) and for AD it was G30 (G30.0, G30.1 G30.8, G30.9).
Results
Overall, HF and AD caused 193,102 deaths between 1999 and 2020, with an age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) of 4.03 (95% CI: 4.01-4.05). There were 131,228 deaths in females with an AAMR of 4.23 (95% CI: 4.21-4.25) and 61,874 deaths in males with an AAMR of 3.99 (95%CI: 3.87-4.12). Racial trends revealed White people died at the highest rate (177,008 deaths)with an AAMR of 4.17 (95% CI: 4.15-4.19), followed by Black or African American people(12,824 deaths; AAMR 3.44, 95% CI: 3.38-3.50). American Indian or Alaska Natives had 569deaths (AAMR 2.45, 95% CI: 2.25-2.65), while Asian or Pacific Islanders had 2,701 deaths(AAMR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.68-1.81)
Conclusion
This main purpose is to explore the patterns and trends of mortality in order to identify high-risk populations for targeted interventions and improving healthcare. There were notable differences between genders and races in the mortality data. The burden of mortality is greater for females than for males. Significant differences were observed when stratified by race indicating White people have the highest mortality.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Racial And Gender Disparities In Heart Failure And Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality A Growing Crisis In The U.S
- Creators
- Daniah Rizwan - Mayo HospitalMuhammad Usman Haider - Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterIshtiaq Ahmad - Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterMian Zahid Jan Kakakhel - Khyber Medical CollegeMishaim Khan - CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of DentistryZaryab Bacha - Khyber Medical UniversityVyom Patel - Vincennes UniversitySyed Muhammed Salman HassanSaman Javid - ClariantAbdullah Afridi - Khyber Medical CollegeHasan Ilyas - Delray Medical CenterZaraq Khan - Vincennes University
- Resource Type
- Abstract
- Publication Details
- Journal of cardiac failure, Vol.32(1), p.349
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cardfail.2025.11.437
- ISSN
- 1071-9164
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 01/2026
- Academic Unit
- Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9985129653402771
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