Behavioral Momentum Theory: Evidence and Limitations

Joel E. Ringdahl; Matthew J. O’Brien

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17450-5_6

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Book chapter

Behavioral Momentum Theory: Evidence and Limitations

Joel E. Ringdahl and Matthew J. O’Brien

Quantitative Behavior Analysis, pp.117-133

Springer Nature Switzerland

2026

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17450-5_6

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Abstract

Behavioral momentum theory (BMT) represents one of the earliest quantitative models in the field of behavior analysis. With roots in work conducted on response persistence under primarily multiple reinforcement schedule arrangements, BMT provides an account for the impact of reinforcement histories on a behavior’s resistance to change. Much of the literature specific to BMT has shown this impact to be a function of Pavlovian contingencies, highlighting the role of context. Researchers have identified a number of specific variables related to reinforcement parameters affecting response persistence and shown the effects across a wide variety of reinforcement schedule disruptors. As well, the findings produced in the basic laboratory have been replicated and extended in translational and applied behavior analytic studies. While BMT provides a thorough account of response persistence under certain conditions, the model has some weaknesses that have led to the development of new quantitative models. This chapter provides an overview of the history of BMT, including relevant equations, demonstrations in basic and translational/applied laboratories, and a discussion of its weaknesses.

Behavioral momentum

Resistance to change

Response persistence

Details

Title: Subtitle: Behavioral Momentum Theory: Evidence and Limitations
Creators: Joel E. Ringdahl - University of Georgia
Matthew J. O’Brien - University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital
Contributors: Valdeep Saini (Editor)
Resource Type: Book chapter
Publication Details: Quantitative Behavior Analysis, pp.117-133
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-17450-5_6
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland; Cham
Language: English
Date published: 2026
Academic Unit: Pediatric Psychology; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Psychological and Quantitative Foundations
Record Identifier: 9985166831502771

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