Book chapter
Chapter 11 - Biocompatibility and safety considerations of nanodots
Nanodots for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, pp.257-302
Elsevier Inc
2025
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-27511-1.00011-X
Abstract
Nanodots, a novel class of nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention for their remarkable physicochemical properties and versatile applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. This chapter delves into the biocompatibility and safety considerations of nanodots, emphasizing their synthesis methods, photoluminescence (PL) characteristics, cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, and regulatory frameworks. The synthesis of nanodots has evolved to produce highly stable and functionalized particles with exceptional optical properties, making them ideal for bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, and photothermal therapy. Nanodots exhibit promising potential as substitutes for conventional quantum dots due to their lower toxicity and superior biocompatibility. Carbon dots (C-dots), derived from eco-friendly sources such as green tea waste, have shown selective anticancer activity, effectively inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Their intrinsic PL enables real-time tracking in vivo, enhancing their utility in cancer imaging and therapy. Furthermore, nanodots have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by reducing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, highlighting their role in modulating the tumor microenvironment. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including potential cytotoxicity, nanoparticle aggregation, and variations in biocompatibility influenced by size, shape, and surface chemistry. Regulatory frameworks, such as those by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency, are gradually adapting to ensure the safe clinical application of nanodots. Innovations in surface engineering, such as PEGylation and biomimetic coatings, have improved targeting specificity and reduced systemic side effects, paving the way for safer nanomedicine applications. This chapter underscores the transformative potential of nanodots in personalized oncology, offering enhanced cancer diagnostics, improved therapeutic efficacy, and reduced toxicity. However, continued research, stringent safety assessments, and adherence to bioethical guidelines are imperative to address current challenges and unlock the full potential of nanodots in clinical oncology.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Chapter 11 - Biocompatibility and safety considerations of nanodots
- Creators
- Namrata B. Parmar - B.J. Medical CollegeManya D. Desai - Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaKhushi N. Mehta - Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaMehul R. Chorawala - Chitkara UniversityBhupendra G. Prajapati - Parul UniversityRakesh B. Patel - University of Iowa, Internal MedicinePrasad C. Kote - Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s Medical College
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Publication Details
- Nanodots for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, pp.257-302
- DOI
- 10.1016/B978-0-443-27511-1.00011-X
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc; Amsterdam
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2025
- Academic Unit
- Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9985132190102771
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