Book chapter
Chapter 13 - Glutamate-based preclinical and clinical dysfunction and treatment in bipolar disorder
Biomarkers in Bipolar Disorders, pp.215-252
Elsevier Inc
2022
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821398-8.00020-5
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the brain, with ~50% of neurons using it as their primary neurotransmitter. Glutamate dynamics also involves an intricate cycling through intermediaries with tripartite synaptic interplay, that is presynaptic release, postsynaptic activity, and astrocytic reuptake, enzymatic conversion, and transport. In this chapter, we will review the glutamate-based etiopathogenetic and treatment response biomarkers and in preclinical models of mania and bipolar disorder (BD). The preclinical studies reviewed here focus on rodent models of mania, obtained by selective breeding/targeted genetic manipulation, pharmacological induction or environmental manipulation. Next, the clinical etiopathogenesis section is divided into three parts: magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), electroencephalography (EEG), and glutamate receptor (postmortem brain and genetic) studies. These studies reveal an overactivation of glutamatergic neurotransmission in bipolar mania and, less compellingly, other BD states, for example, euthymia. Finally, we will discuss glutamate-based treatments in bipolar depression, that is lamotrigine, riluzole, and ketamine. Overall, subanesthetic dose ketamine infusion has rapid and robust antidepressant and antisuicidal efficacy in bipolar depression. Taken together, this chapter reveals the critical present and continued future for biomarkers of glutamatergic neurotransmission in BD and rectification with effective glutamate-based treatments.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Chapter 13 - Glutamate-based preclinical and clinical dysfunction and treatment in bipolar disorder
- Creators
- Amanda DeckerBrandon BacalzoMark J Niciu
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Publication Details
- Biomarkers in Bipolar Disorders, pp.215-252
- DOI
- 10.1016/B978-0-12-821398-8.00020-5
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2022
- Academic Unit
- Psychiatry; Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Record Identifier
- 9984211792502771
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