Book chapter
Chapter 9 - Autophagy Induced by Varicella-Zoster Virus and the Maintenance of Cellular Homeostasis
Autophagy, pp.159-167
Elsevier Inc
2015
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801032-7.00009-5
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) induces abundant autophagy in human cells. This human herpesvirus causes the childhood exanthematous disease known as varicella or chickenpox. Thereafter, VZV establishes a latent infection in the dorsal root ganglia; VZV subsequently reactivates and causes the dermatomal exanthem known as herpes zoster. Examination of VZV infected cells collected from these exanthems revealed the presence of numerous autophagosomes, after immunolabeling with anti-LC3 antibody and a fluoroprobe. Subsequent reconstruction of these Z-stacks of confocal microscopic images into a 3D animation by Imaris software facilitated enumeration of>100 autophagosomes per infected cell. Further visualization of infected cells documented a markedly enlarged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as an indicator of ER stress. Evidence of the unfolded protein response (UPR) consisted of detecting by immunoblotting both the spliced variant of the X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s) as well as the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Thus, VZV infection leads to ER stress that is a precursor to autophagy through the induction of at least two of the three signal transduction UPR pathways: the IRE1 (inositol requiring enzyme-1) pathway and the PERK (PRK-like eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a kinase) pathway.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Chapter 9 - Autophagy Induced by Varicella-Zoster Virus and the Maintenance of Cellular Homeostasis
- Creators
- Charles Grose
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Publication Details
- Autophagy, pp.159-167
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc
- DOI
- 10.1016/B978-0-12-801032-7.00009-5
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2015
- Academic Unit
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Infectious Disease (Pediatrics)
- Record Identifier
- 9984354147902771
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