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Impact of Neurological Diseases
Book chapter

Impact of Neurological Diseases

M.E. Dyken, K.B. Im, D.C. Lin-Dyken and C.M. Linton
Encyclopedia of Sleep, pp.548-552
Elsevier Inc
2013
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-378610-4.00252-7

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Abstract

There is an association between neurological diseases and hypersomnia (the primary complaint of excessive sleepiness). Descriptions of the neurological disorders that have been associated with sleepiness can be found in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edn. (ICSD-2), under the sections that cover hypersomnias of central origin, sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs), and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Although some neurological diseases are associated with parasomnias and the sleep-related movement disorders, hypersomnolence is generally not a major symptom in these cases. Disorders of the central nervous system can directly cause hypersomnia when waking mechanisms of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) are compromised. A fundamental knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and neurochemistry of the ARAS has provided a basis for pharmacological therapies. Nevertheless, patients with neurological disorders are prone to adverse drug effects, and nonpharmacological treatment options to reduce daytime sleepiness by improving nocturnal sleep utilizing good sleep hygiene practices with cognitive behavioral therapy should always be a consideration.
Ascending reticular activating system Circadian rhythm sleep disorders Hypersomnia Narcolepsy Orexin/hypocretin Sleep-related breathing disorders

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