Book chapter
Intravesical immunotherapy
Bladder cancer, pp.76-88
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
08/31/2015
DOI: 10.1002/9781118674826.ch7
Abstract
This chapter describes the emergence of bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy as a treatment for high‐grade, non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Comparisons with various intravesical chemotherapeutic regimens have consistently demonstrated BCG complete response rates of 55–65% for papillary Ta or T1 tumors and 70–75% for carcinoma in situ (CIS). The innate immune system is utilized by BCG, specifically the T‐helper (Th)‐1 cytokine pathway. The results of large, randomized trials have confirmed the importance of three‐week BCG maintenance in intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients and suggest that the use of BCG may improve both cancer‐specific survival and progression‐free survival. Patients may be refractory or resistant to treatment, or experience intolerance due to side effects; therefore, newer treatments involving other cytokines are being developed and utilized.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Intravesical immunotherapy
- Creators
- Nilay M Gandhi - Johns Hopkins UniversityLaura A Bertrand - University of IowaDonald L Lamm - Arizona OncologyMichael A O'Donnell - University of Iowa
- Contributors
- Seth P Lerner (Editor) - Baylor College of MedicineMark P Schoenberg (Editor) - Albert Einstein College of MedicineCora N Sternberg (Editor) - Department of Oncology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Publication Details
- Bladder cancer, pp.76-88
- Publisher
- John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; Chichester, UK
- DOI
- 10.1002/9781118674826.ch7
- Number of pages
- 13
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 08/31/2015
- Academic Unit
- Urology
- Record Identifier
- 9984321545802771
Metrics
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