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Neuro‐Ophthalmology of Systemic Disease
Book chapter

Neuro‐Ophthalmology of Systemic Disease

Matthew J Thurtell and Janet C Rucker
Neurological Disorders due to Systemic Disease, pp.127-144
Wiley‐Blackwell
02/10/2013
DOI: 10.1002/9781118414019.ch7

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Abstract

Systemic disease and its treatments can produce a number of neuro‐ophthalmic manifestations. Ischemic optic neuropathies often occur in patients with vascular risk factors, such as diabetes and hypertension, and in giant cell arteritis. Characteristic neuro‐ophthalmic deficits can occur with other endocrine disorders, including Graves' disease and pituitary adenomas. Several autoimmune, rheumatologic, and infectious conditions can cause optic neuropathies. Neoplastic disease involving the optic nerves, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves, and brain can cause visual loss, eye‐movement dysfunction, or pupillary abnormalities, as can paraneoplastic disorders. Certain surgical procedures carry a risk of specific neuro‐ophthalmic complications such as posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Numerous drugs, including antibiotic, antiarrhythmic, chemotherapeutic, sedative, and anticonvulsant agents, can produce specific neuroophthalmic abnormalities, such as papilledema, optic neuropathies, or eye‐movement disorders. While not intended to review all possible neuro‐ophthalmic manifestations of systemic disease, we discuss those that are important or commonly encountered in clinical practice.
 giant cell arteritis Horner's syndrome nystagmus ophthalmoplegia optic neuropathy papilledema paraneoplastic disorders pituitary macroadenoma thyroid orbitopathy visual loss

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