Neurologic complications of heart surgery

Amir Shaban; Enrique C Leira

doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-819814-8.00007-X

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Neurologic complications of heart surgery

Book chapter

Peer reviewed

Neurologic complications of heart surgery

Amir Shaban and Enrique C Leira

Handbook of Clinical Neurology, pp.65-75

Elsevier Health Sciences

2021

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819814-8.00007-X

PMID: 33632458

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Abstract

Cardiac surgeries are commonly associated with neurologic complications. The type and complexity of the surgery, as well as patients’ comorbidities, determine the risk for these complications. Awareness and swift recognition of these complications may have significant implications on management and prognosis. Recent trials resulted in an expansion of the time window to treat patients with acute ischemic stroke with intravenous thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy using advanced neuroimaging for screening. The expanded time window increases the reperfusion treatment options for patients that suffer a periprocedural ischemic stroke. Moreover, there is now limited data available to help guide management of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients undergoing treatment with anticoagulation for highly thrombogenic conditions, such as left ventricular assist devices and mechanical valves. In addition to cerebrovascular complications patients undergoing heart surgery are at increased risk for seizures, contrast toxicity, cognitive changes, psychological complications, and peripheral nerve injuries. We review the neurological complications associated with the most common cardiac surgeries and discuss clinical presentation, diagnosis and management strategies.

Left ventricular assist device

Central retinal artery occlusion

Heart transplant

Valve replacement

Contrast neurotoxicity

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Nerve injury

Cardiac procedure

Percutaneous coronary intervention

Seizure

Ischemic stroke

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Details

Title: Subtitle: Neurologic complications of heart surgery
Creators: Amir Shaban - Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
Enrique C Leira - Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
Resource Type: Book chapter
Publication Details: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, pp.65-75
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819814-8.00007-X
PMID: 33632458
ISSN: 0072-9752
Language: English
Date published: 2021
Academic Unit: Neurology; Epidemiology; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Neurosurgery
Record Identifier: 9984070236202771

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