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Pediatrics
Book chapter

Pediatrics

Lillian Lai, Toshio Moritani, Satsuki Matsumoto, Mariko Sato, Jeremy D. Greenlee and John M. Buatti
Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Brain, Head and Neck, and Spine, pp.627-713
Springer International Publishing
05/31/2021
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62120-9_19

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Abstract

Treatment section: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor of childhood and the No.1 cause of death among all childhood cancers. Pediatric brain tumors differ from adult brain tumors in origin, classification, histology distribution, incidence, and anatomical location (McKinney, Childhood brain tumours: epidemiology and risk factors. World Health Organisation, 2013). Infratentorial compartment will be the primary site for 60–70% of these tumors such as astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, and ependymomas (McKean-Cowdin et al., Trends in childhood brain tumor incidence, 1973–2009. J Neuro-Oncol 115(2):153–160, 2013). Several technological advancements have increased our knowledge of tumors, contributed to the earlier diagnosis, improved surgical resections while minimizing neurological consequences, and improved quality of life (QOL) and overall outcome. Management of brain tumor needs multidisciplinary approach due to multimodal therapy options and therapy-related complications which can be aggravated in young children. Current therapeutic strategies include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Recent explosion of molecular analyses of brain tumor has led to better understanding the molecular basis of these brain tumors and is already providing a foundation for the pursuit of rationally chosen therapeutics targeting relevant molecular pathways. The molecular biology of pediatric brain tumors is now shifting from basic scientific discovery to a platform upon which insights are being translated into therapies (McKean-Cowdin et al., J Neuro-Oncol 115(2):153–160, 2013; Glod et al., J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 38(4):249–260, 2016).
Chemotherapy Surgery Radiation therapy Targeted therapy Treatment section: Pediatric brain tumor

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