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Reactive Oxygen Species and the Regulation of Cerebral Vascular Tone
Book chapter

Reactive Oxygen Species and the Regulation of Cerebral Vascular Tone

T. Michael De Silva and Frank M. Faraci
Studies on Atherosclerosis, pp.89-112
Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice, Springer US
12/23/2016
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7693-2_6

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Abstract

This chapter summarizes concepts related to the effects of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress on vascular tone in the cerebral circulation. The impact of different reactive oxygen species as well as enzymatic sources of these molecules (particularly NADPH oxidase) is outlined along with endogenous mechanisms that protect against oxidative stress. Direct effects of reactive oxygen species on vascular tone are described. In addition, an overview is presented regarding effects of these molecules on key adaptive responses. The majority of this work has been performed in models of disease. Although reactive oxygen species may be produced at low levels in normal healthy blood vessels, they appear to exert little influence on vascular tone under those conditions. For both endothelium-dependent vasodilation and neurovascular coupling, reactive oxygen species do not affect responses normally but have substantial effects in disease and with aging. In contrast, the importance of reactive oxygen species in relation to autoregulation and chemoregulation (cerebrovascular responses to carbon dioxide and oxygen) has only been studied to a limited extent with somewhat inconsistent results. Overall, reactive oxygen species have substantial effects on vascular tone in brain, particularly in models of cerebrovascular disease.
 Oxidative Stress Autoregulation Cerebral blood flow Endothelial function Myogenic tone NAPDH oxidase Neurovascular coupling

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