Book chapter
Transmission of T Cell Receptor-Mediated Signaling via the GRB2 Family of Adaptor Proteins
Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function, pp.147-176
Routledge
2017
DOI: 10.1201/9781315371689-9
Abstract
148The GRB2 family of
proteins consists of three highly related homologs, GRB2, GADS, and GRAP.
These proteins have a conserved domain structure with a central SH2 domain,
which binds to phosphorylated tyrosine ligands, flanked by two SH3 domains,
which interact with proline- or arginine/lysine-rich sequences in numerous
signaling proteins. The function of the GRB2 family of proteins is to
regulate signaling events by connecting phosphorylated ligands, such as
receptor tyrosine kinases and adaptor proteins, to downstream effectors
needed for the propagation of intracellular signaling. Because of these
functions, the GRB2 family of proteins is critical for the differentiation
and function of numerous cell types, as well as for the initiation and
progression of a panoply of human diseases. GRB2, GADS, and GRAP are
especially vital for the function of T cells. These proteins control
signaling complexes at the T cell antigen receptor and the adaptor protein
LAT, where they facilitate the activation, differentiation, and function of
T cells. This chapter will describe the domain structure of the GRB2 family
of proteins, their general role in the initiation of signaling in multiple
cell types, and their function in the activation and differentiation of T
cells.
This chapter describes the domain structure of the growth factor receptor-bound 2 (Grb2) family of proteins, their general role in the initiation of signaling in multiple cell types, and their function in the activation and differentiation of T cells. It describes the current paradigm of how the GRB2 family members function and discuss recent experiments describing the mechanisms used by the proteins to transduce signals from the T cell receptor (TCR). The GRB2 family of proteins consists of three highly related homologs, GRB2, GADS, and Grb-2-related adaptor protein gene (GRAP). These proteins are composed of a central SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. The amino acid sequence homology of the full proteins as well as the specific domains highlights the high degree of similarity between GRB2, GADS, and GRAP. The importance of GRB2 in driving essential cell signaling was first demonstrated in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans where Sem-5 was required for vulval development.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Transmission of T Cell Receptor-Mediated Signaling via the GRB2 Family of Adaptor Proteins
- Creators
- Mahmood Y. BilalJon C. D. Houtman - University of Iowa, Microbiology and Immunology
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Publication Details
- Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity and Function, pp.147-176
- Publisher
- Routledge
- DOI
- 10.1201/9781315371689-9
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2017
- Academic Unit
- Microbiology and Immunology; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984297439802771
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