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Tumors of the Adrenal Gland
Book chapter

Tumors of the Adrenal Gland

Simon Ching-Shun Kao and Alfredo Pinto-Rojas
Pediatric Malignancies: Pathology and Imaging, pp.321-357
Springer New York
10/28/2014
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1729-7_12

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Abstract

Adrenal tumors, classified by their cellular origin and function, may arise from the medulla or cortex. In addition to those located in the adrenal glands, tumors originating from the neural crest may occur anywhere along the sympathetic nervous chain. Those arising from the adrenal medulla or extramedullary sites include neuroblastic tumors (neural crest origin) and the paraganglionic cells (pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma). Those arising from the cortex include adrenocortical carcinoma and adenoma. In this chapter, the initial imaging and pathologic features of the neuroblastic tumors, pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, and adrenocortical carcinoma are emphasized. The role of imaging modalities from plain radiography and ultrasound to computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and functional radionuclide imaging is discussed, including the relatively new International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System to identify preoperative and pretreatment imaging-defined risk factors. The Pathology section reviews current concepts in histological classification, immunohistochemical markers, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics as pertaining to the diagnosis and prognosis of these tumors.
Adrenal tumor Adrenocortical carcinoma Imaging Neuroblastic tumors Nuclear medicine Paraganglioma Pathology Pheochromocytoma Radiology

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