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Upstream Waves and Particles at the Moon
Book chapter

Upstream Waves and Particles at the Moon

Y Harada and J. S Halekas
Low‐Frequency Waves in Space Plasmas, pp.307-322
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
02/26/2016
DOI: 10.1002/9781119055006.ch18

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Abstract

This chapter presents an up‐to‐date catalog of Moon‐related particle populations and lunar upstream waves obtained from in situ measurements at low (<˜100 km) and high altitudes, aimed at organizing and clarifying the currently available information on this complex region, where multiple categories of waves and particles coexist. It then briefly outlines the observed properties of a variety of classes of lunar upstream waves, as well as their generation mechanisms currently proposed, in association with the lunar upstream particle distributions. The lunar upstream region magnetically connected to the Moon and its wake, the fore‐moon, represents a remarkably rich zoo of different classes of waves and different types of particles. Although recent observations have substantially enhanced our knowledge by revealing a number of new categories of upstream particles and waves at the Moon, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, and these are outlined in the chapter.
fore‐moon region in situ measurements lunar upstream particle distributions lunar upstream waves moon‐related particle populations

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