Book chapter
Vision and Retina Information Processing
Evolution of Neurosensory Cells and Systems
CRC Press
2022
DOI: 10.1201/9781003092810-3
Abstract
Vision starts with opsins, under control of Pax6 and related genes. Chordate vision hinges on a genome duplication early in vertebrate evolution, which allowed a single neurosensory cell type (as seen, for example, in tunicates and ascidians) to split into two cell types in vertebrates: These are a ciliated sensory cell (photoreceptor) that terminates in a ribbon, and parallel populations of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The RGCs have diversified via Atoh7 regulatory pathways into 30 distinct cell types. Recent data suggest that certain ascidians have three distinct eye fields, which may be the basis of retinas, pineal, and parapineal in lampreys and other gnathostomes. Building on the role of melanopsin is its unique input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus as the basis of the circadian rhythms (Per/Cry) that cooperates with retinal and pineal to drive melatonin. Topographic input is distinct to each of the retina's targets, with a bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus input, partial segregation of the ipsilateral and contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus, broad inputs of the accessory nucleus that connects to oculomotor system and a large input to superior colliculus. Multiple gene pathways controlling these properties are now clarified through interaction of distinct genetic analysis and methods. While no such central cortical projection is obvious among tunicates, all vertebrates have unique central projections to reach the cortex.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Vision and Retina Information Processing
- Creators
- Paul R. MartinBernd Fritzsch
- Resource Type
- Book chapter
- Publication Details
- Evolution of Neurosensory Cells and Systems
- DOI
- 10.1201/9781003092810-3
- Publisher
- CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2022
- Academic Unit
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Biology; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9984530369402771
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