Uncertainty-Aware Test-Time Adaptation for Inverse Consistent Diffeomorphic Lung Image Registration

Muhammad F.A. Chaudhary; Stephanie M. Aguilera; Arie Nakhmani; Joseph M. Reinhardt; Surya P. Bhatt; Sandeep Bodduluri

doi:10.1109/ISBI60581.2025.10981173

Conference proceeding

Uncertainty-Aware Test-Time Adaptation for Inverse Consistent Diffeomorphic Lung Image Registration

Muhammad F.A. Chaudhary, Stephanie M. Aguilera, Arie Nakhmani, Joseph M. Reinhardt, Surya P. Bhatt and Sandeep Bodduluri

Proceedings (International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging), pp.1-5

04/14/2025

DOI: 10.1109/ISBI60581.2025.10981173

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Abstract

Diffeomorphic deformable image registration ensures smooth invertible transformations across inspiratory and expiratory chest CT scans. Yet, in practice, deep learning-based diffeo-morphic methods struggle to capture large deformations between inspiratory and expiratory volumes, and therefore lack inverse consistency. Existing methods also fail to account for model uncertainty, which can be useful for improving performance. We propose an uncertainty-aware test-time adaptation framework for inverse consistent diffeomorphic lung registration. Our method uses Monte Carlo (MC) dropout to estimate spatial uncertainty that is used to improve model performance. We train and evaluate our method for inspiratory-to-expiratory CT registration on a large cohort of 675 subjects from the COPDGene study, achieving a higher Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between the lung boundaries (0.966) compared to both VoxelMorph (0.953) and TransMorph (0.953). Our method demonstrates consistent improvements in the inverse registration direction as well with an overall DSC of 0.966, higher than VoxelMorph (0.958) and TransMorph (0.956). Paired t-tests indicate statistically significant improvements.

Computed Tomography

Adaptation models

Biomedical imaging

Deformation

Image registration

Large Deformation

Lung

Lungs

Monte Carlo methods

Uncertainty

Uncertainty Awareness

Details

Title: Subtitle: Uncertainty-Aware Test-Time Adaptation for Inverse Consistent Diffeomorphic Lung Image Registration
Creators: Muhammad F.A. Chaudhary - University of Alabama at Birmingham
Stephanie M. Aguilera - University of Alabama at Birmingham
Arie Nakhmani - University of Alabama at Birmingham
Joseph M. Reinhardt - University of Iowa
Surya P. Bhatt - University of Alabama at Birmingham
Sandeep Bodduluri - University of Alabama at Birmingham
Resource Type: Conference proceeding
Publication Details: Proceedings (International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging), pp.1-5
Publisher: IEEE
DOI: 10.1109/ISBI60581.2025.10981173
eISSN: 1945-8452
Number of pages: 5
Language: English
Date published: 04/14/2025
Academic Unit: Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Radiology
Record Identifier: 9984824228702771

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