Development of an impinger method for sampling airborne nanocellulose

An impinger-based sampling method was designed and evaluated for the collection of airborne cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Plastic impingers were purchased and a custom nozzle was designed and 3D printed. Collection efficiency by particle size was compared to commercially available impingers. Collection efficiency (CE) was then adjusted theoretically for an impactor that would be used in a field setting to remove particles larger than 300 nm. Adjusted CE was compared to the nanoparticulate matter (NPM) criterion model, which mimics nanoparticle deposition in the human respiratory system. The impinger method was then used to collect rhodamine-tagged CNC to determine if it could collect a concentration of CNC that agreed with the known aerosolized concentration when analyzed with spectroscopy/spectrophotometry. The plastic impinger method had a greater collection efficiency for relevant particle sizes than the commercially available impingers tested. After adjusting for the impactor, the impinger method agreed with the NPM curve for particles ranging from 45-600 nm (R2=0.94). Concentrations of rhodamine-tagged CNC collected with the impinger method did not agree with the concentrations measured by the reference instrument, however this was likely due to issues with the batch of CNC used. The impinger method can be used to collect other nanoparticles, but analysis methods that do not rely on using tagged CNC must be developed to mate the preferred analysis method with sampling.