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β2-Microglobulin Maintains Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Induces M2-like Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Journal article   Peer reviewed

β2-Microglobulin Maintains Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Induces M2-like Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages

Daqi Li, Qian Zhang, Lu Li, Kexin Chen, Junlei Yang, Deobrat Dixit, Ryan C. Gimple, Shusheng Ci, Chenfei Lu, Lang Hu, …
Cancer research (Chicago, Ill.), Vol.82(18), pp.3321-3334
09/16/2022
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-0507
PMID: 35841593

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Abstract

beta 2-microglobulin signaling in glioblastoma cells activates a PI3K/AKT/MYC/TGF beta 1 axis that maintains stem cells and induces M2-like macrophage polarization, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies for targeting tumor cells and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a complex ecosystem that includes a heterogeneous tumor population and the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME), prominently containing tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and microglia. Here, we demonstrated that beta 2-microglobulin (B2M), a subunit of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I), promotes the maintenance of stem-like neoplastic populations and reprograms the TIME to an anti-inflammatory, tumor-promoting state. B2M activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by interacting with PIP5K1A in GBM stem cells (GSC) and promoting MYC-induced secretion of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1). Inhibition of B2M attenuated GSC survival, self-renewal, and tumor growth. B2M-induced TGF beta 1 secretion activated paracrine SMAD and PI3K/AKT signaling in TAMs and promoted an M2-like macrophage phenotype. These findings reveal tumor-promoting functions of B2M and suggest that targeting B2M or its downstream axis may provide an effective approach for treating GBM.Significance: beta 2-microglobulin signaling in glioblastoma cells activates a PI3K/AKT/MYC/TGF beta 1 axis that maintains stem cells and induces M2-like macrophage polarization, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies for targeting tumor cells and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioblastoma.
Oncology Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology

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