Journal article
A General and Modular Approach to Solid-State Integration of Zero-Dimensional Quantum Systems
Nano letters, Vol.25(37), pp.13787-13794
09/17/2025
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03125
PMCID: PMC12447553
PMID: 40902138
Abstract
Here, we present an all-electrical readout mechanism for quasi-0D quantum states (0D-QS), such as point defects, adatoms, and molecules, that is modular and general, providing an approach that is amenable to scaling and integration with other solid-state quantum technologies. Our approach relies on the creation of high-quality tunnel junctions via the mechanical exfoliation and stacking of multilayer graphene (MLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to encapsulate the target system in an MLG/hBN/0D-QS/hBN/MLG heterostructure. This structure allows for all-electronic spectroscopy and readout of candidate systems through a combination of coulomb and spin-blockade. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate electronic tunneling spectroscopy of point defects in hBN and the molecular qubit vanadyl phthalocyanine. Our approach demonstrates a new pathway for the incorporation of molecules and atomic defects into solid-state quantum devices and circuits along with a readout scheme that does not rely on highly constrained optical processes for photonic readout.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- A General and Modular Approach to Solid-State Integration of Zero-Dimensional Quantum Systems
- Creators
- Marzieh Kavand - University of AlabamaZoe Phillips - The Ohio State UniversityWilliam H Koll - The Ohio State UniversityMorgan Hamilton - The Ohio State UniversityEthel Perez-Hoyos - The Ohio State UniversityRianna Greer - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyFerdous Ara - The Ohio State UniversityDaniel Pharis - The Ohio State UniversityKian Maleki - University of IowaMingyu Xu - Iowa State UniversityTakashi Taniguchi - National Institute for Materials SciencePaul Canfield - Iowa State UniversityMichael E Flatté - University of IowaDanna E Freedman - Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyJay Gupta - The Ohio State UniversityEzekiel Johnston-Halperin - The Ohio State University
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Nano letters, Vol.25(37), pp.13787-13794
- DOI
- 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03125
- PMID
- 40902138
- PMCID
- PMC12447553
- NLM abbreviation
- Nano Lett
- ISSN
- 1530-6992
- eISSN
- 1530-6992
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- Grant note
- Division of Materials Research: OMA-1936219, MPS-1936219 National Science Foundation (NSF) QII-TAQS: NRT-QISE DGE-2244045 NSF: FA238620-1-4052 Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD): DMR-2011876 Center for Emergent Materials: an NSF MRSECU.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering: DE-AC02-07CH11358 U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University: 21H05233, 23H02052 JSPS KAKENHI: JPMJCR24A5 CRESTJSTWorld Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan
We acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) QII-TAQS under award numbers OMA-1936219 and MPS-1936219, NSF NRT-QISE DGE-2244045, as well as the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) under award number FA238620-1-4052. Partial funding for shared facilities used in this research was provided by the Center for Emergent Materials: an NSF MRSEC under award number DMR-2011876. Work done at Ames National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. Ames National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. T.T. acknowledges support from the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers 21H05233 and 23H02052), the CREST (JPMJCR24A5), JST and World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan. We also thank Roland Kawakami in the Department of Physics at The Ohio State University for providing access to the transfer microscope setup in his lab, Anthony Harbo Torres in the Department of Physics at The Ohio State University for AFM analysis, Yuxin Zhang and Chun Ning Lau in the Department of Physics at The Ohio State University for providing the exfoliated MANA hBN, Zetian Mi in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan for providing hBN for STM measurements, Chhatra Tamang Lama and Yueguang Shi in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Iowa for theoretical calculations, and Joshua Kennedy at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) for fruitful discussion and providing facilities for electron beam lithography.
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 09/03/2025
- Date published
- 09/17/2025
- Academic Unit
- Electrical and Computer Engineering; Physics and Astronomy
- Record Identifier
- 9984958286702771
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