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A Genetic Instrumental Variables Analysis of the Effects of Prenatal Smoking on Birth Weight: Evidence from Two Samples
Journal article   Peer reviewed

A Genetic Instrumental Variables Analysis of the Effects of Prenatal Smoking on Birth Weight: Evidence from Two Samples

George Wehby, Jason M Fletcher, Steven F Lehrer, Lina M Moreno, Jeffrey C Murray, Allen Wilcox and Rolv T Lie
Biodemography and social biology, Vol.57(1), pp.3-32
2011
DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2011.564468
PMCID: PMC3256988
PMID: 21845925

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Abstract

There is a large literature showing the detrimental effects of prenatal smoking on birth and childhood health outcomes. It is somewhat unclear, though, whether these effects are causal or reflect other characteristics and choices by mothers who choose to smoke that may also affect child health outcomes or biased reporting of smoking. In this paper, we use genetic markers that predict smoking behaviors as instruments in order to address the endogeneity of smoking choices in the production of birth and childhood health outcomes. Our results indicate that prenatal smoking produces more dramatic declines in birth weight than estimates that ignore the endogeneity of prenatal smoking, which is consistent with previous studies with non-genetic instruments. We use data from two distinct samples from Norway and the US with different measured instruments and find nearly identical results. The study provides a novel application that can be extended to study several behavioral impacts on health, social and economic outcomes.
Infant Health Birth Weight Mendelian Randomization Genetic Instruments Instrumental Variables Smoking

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