Journal article
A Proposed Framework for Identifying Nutrients and Food Components of Public Health Relevance in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
The Journal of nutrition, Vol.151(5), pp.1197-1204
05/11/2021
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa459
PMCID: PMC8324230
PMID: 33693925
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Identification of nutrients of public health concern has been a hallmark of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA); however, a formal systematic process for identifying them has not been published. Objectives We aimed to propose a framework for identifying “nutrients or food components” (NFCs) of public health relevance to inform the DGA. Methods The proposed framework consists of 1) defining terminology; 2) establishing quantitative thresholds to identify NFCs; and 3) examining national data. The proposed framework utilizes available data from 3 key data sources or “prongs”: 1) dietary intakes; 2) biological endpoints; and 3) clinical health consequences such as prevalence of health conditions, directly or indirectly through validated surrogate markers. Results In identifying potential NFCs of public health concern, the 2020 DGA Committee developed a decision-tree framework with suggestions for combining the 3 prongs. The identified NFCs of public health concern for Americans ≥1 y old included fiber, calcium (≥2 y old), vitamin D, and potassium for low intakes and sodium, added sugars, and saturated fats (≥2 y old) for high intakes that were associated with adverse health consequences. Iron was identified among infants ages 6–12 mo fed human milk. For reproductive-aged and pregnant females, iron (all trimesters) and folate (first trimester) were identified for low intake, based on dietary and biomarker data (iron) or the severity of the consequence (folic acid and neural tube defects). Among pregnant women, low iodine was of potential public health concern based on biomarker data. Other NFCs that were underconsumed, overconsumed, and pose special challenges were identified across the life course. Conclusions The proposed decision-tree framework was intended to streamline and add transparency to the work of this and future Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committees to identify NFCs that need to be encouraged or discouraged in order to help reduce risk of chronic disease and promote health and energy balance in the population.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- A Proposed Framework for Identifying Nutrients and Food Components of Public Health Relevance in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
- Creators
- Regan L Bailey - Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USAJamy D Ard - Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USATeresa A Davis - USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USATim S Naimi - Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USABarbara O Schneeman - (Emeritus) Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USAJaime S Stang - Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USAKathryn G Dewey - (Emeritus) Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USASharon M Donovan - Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USARachel Novotny - Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USALinda G Snetselaar - Department of Preventive Nutrition Education, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USAJanet de Jesus - Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, NIH, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USAKellie O Casavale - Office of Nutrition and Food Labeling, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, FDA, US Department of Health and Human Services, College Park, MD, USATusaRebecca Pannucci - Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Services, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USAEve E Stoody - Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Food and Nutrition Services, USDA, Alexandria, VA, USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The Journal of nutrition, Vol.151(5), pp.1197-1204
- DOI
- 10.1093/jn/nxaa459
- PMID
- 33693925
- PMCID
- PMC8324230
- ISSN
- 0022-3166
- eISSN
- 1541-6100
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000002, name: National Institutes of Health
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 05/11/2021
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984215047602771
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