Journal article
A Unique mRNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and SARS-CoV
Vaccines (Basel), Vol.12(6), 605
06/01/2024
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060605
PMCID: PMC11209356
PMID: 38932334
Abstract
The highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV have led to the COVID-19 pandemic and SARS outbreak, respectively. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the Omicron variant, has frequent mutations, resulting in the reduced efficiency of current COVID-19 vaccines against new variants. Here, we designed two lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccines by deleting the mutant RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (SARS2-S (RBD-del)) or by replacing this mutant RBD with the conserved and potent RBD of SARS-CoV (SARS2-S (SARS-RBD)). Both mRNA vaccines were stable at various temperatures for different time periods. Unlike SARS2-S (RBD-del) mRNA, SARS2-S (SARS-RBD) mRNA elicited effective T-cell responses and potent antibodies specific to both SARS-CoV-2 S and SARS-CoV RBD proteins. It induced strong neutralizing antibodies against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections and protected immunized mice from the challenge of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and SARS-CoV by significantly reducing the viral titers in the lungs after Omicron challenge and by completely preventing SARS-CoV-induced weight loss and death. SARS2-S (SARS-RBD)-immunized serum antibodies protected naïve mice from the SARS-CoV challenge, with its protective efficacy positively correlating with the neutralizing antibody titers. These findings indicate that this mRNA vaccine has the potential for development as an effective vaccine against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- A Unique mRNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and SARS-CoV
- Creators
- Xiaoqing Guan - Georgia State UniversityAbhishek K. Verma - University of IowaGang Wang - Georgia State UniversityAbhijeet Roy - Georgia State UniversityStanley Perlman - University of IowaLanying Du - Georgia State University
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Vaccines (Basel), Vol.12(6), 605
- Publisher
- MDPI
- DOI
- 10.3390/vaccines12060605
- PMID
- 38932334
- PMCID
- PMC11209356
- ISSN
- 2076-393X
- eISSN
- 2076-393X
- Grant note
- R01AI157975; R01AI139092; R01AI137472 / National Institutes of Health
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 06/01/2024
- Academic Unit
- Microbiology and Immunology; Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Infectious Disease (Pediatrics)
- Record Identifier
- 9984649056302771
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