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A long-term X-ray monitoring of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5408 X-1 with Swift reveals the presence of dips but no orbital period
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

A long-term X-ray monitoring of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5408 X-1 with Swift reveals the presence of dips but no orbital period

Fabien Grisé, Philip Kaaret, Stéphane Corbel, Dávid Cseh and Hua Feng
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol.433(2), pp.1023-1038
05/08/2013
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stt783
url
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt783View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

NGC 5408 X-1 is a well-studied ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) that has been seen to emit in X-rays persistently above the Eddington limit of a stellar-mass black hole for years. In this paper we report on the most extensive X-ray monitoring of a ULX, using more than four years of observations from the Swift satellite. We find that the 115 day periodicity reported by Strohmayer (2009) disappeared after only a few cycles, confirming the suspicion of Foster et al. (2010) that the periodicity is most likely super-orbital and not the orbital period of the system. We also report on a clear dipping behaviour of the source that may be related to a (super)-orbital phenomenon. All these features are reminiscent of Galactic X-ray binaries and strengthen their link with ULXs. Deeper observations of a dip could help resolve the ambiguity about the interpretation of the spectral components of ULXs.

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