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A new view of “dream enactment” in REM sleep behavior disorder
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

A new view of “dream enactment” in REM sleep behavior disorder

Mark S Blumberg and Alan M Plumeau
Sleep medicine reviews, Vol.30, pp.34-42
12/2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.12.002
PMCID: PMC4912466
PMID: 26802823
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4912466View
Open Access

Abstract

Patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) exhibit increased muscle tone and exaggerated myoclonic twitching during REM sleep. In addition, violent movements of the limbs, and complex behaviors that can sometimes appear to involve the enactment of dreams, are associated with RBD. These behaviors are widely thought to result from a dysfunction involving atonia-producing neural circuitry in the brainstem, thereby unmasking cortically generated dreams. Here we scrutinize the assumptions that led to this interpretation of RBD. In particular, we challenge the assumption that motor cortex produces twitches during REM sleep, thus calling into question the related assumption that motor cortex is primarily responsible for all of the pathological movements of RBD. Moreover, motor cortex is not even necessary to produce complex behavior; for example, stimulation of some brainstem structures can produce defensive and aggressive behaviors in rats and monkeys that are strikingly similar to those reported in human patients with RBD. Accordingly, we suggest an interpretation of RBD that focuses increased attention on the brainstem as a source of the pathological movements and that considers sensory feedback from moving limbs as an important influence on the content of dream mentation.
 Corollary discharge REM sleep without atonia Motor cortex Brainstem Development Sensorimotor integration Superior colliculus Rapid eye movements Myoclonic twitching Muscle atonia

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