Journal article
A search for spectral hysteresis and energy-dependent time lags from X-ray and TeV gamma-ray observations of Mrk 421
The Astrophysical journal, Vol.834(1), 2
11/14/2016
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/2
Abstract
Blazars are variable emitters across all wavelengths over a wide range of
timescales, from months down to minutes. It is therefore essential to observe
blazars simultaneously at different wavelengths, especially in the X-ray and
gamma-ray bands, where the broadband spectral energy distributions usually
peak.
In this work, we report on three "target-of-opportunity" (ToO) observations
of Mrk 421, one of the brightest TeV blazars, triggered by a strong flaring
event at TeV energies in 2014. These observations feature long, continuous, and
simultaneous exposures with XMM-Newton (covering X-ray and optical/ultraviolet
bands) and VERITAS (covering TeV gamma-ray band), along with contemporaneous
observations from other gamma-ray facilities (MAGIC and Fermi-LAT) and a number
of radio and optical facilities. Although neither rapid flares nor significant
X-ray/TeV correlation are detected, these observations reveal subtle changes in
the X-ray spectrum of the source over the course of a few days. We search the
simultaneous X-ray and TeV data for spectral hysteresis patterns and time
delays, which could provide insight into the emission mechanisms and the source
properties (e.g. the radius of the emitting region, the strength of the
magnetic field, and related timescales). The observed broadband spectra are
consistent with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. We find that the
power spectral density distribution at $\gtrsim 4\times 10^{-4}$ Hz from the
X-ray data can be described by a power-law model with an index value between
1.2 and 1.8, and do not find evidence for a steepening of the power spectral
index (often associated with a characteristic length scale) compared to the
previously reported values at lower frequencies.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- A search for spectral hysteresis and energy-dependent time lags from X-ray and TeV gamma-ray observations of Mrk 421
- Creators
- A. U Abeysekara - University of UtahS Archambault - McGill UniversityA Archer - Washington University in St. LouisW Benbow - Harvard UniversityR Bird - University of California, Los AngelesM Buchovecky - University of California, Los AngelesJ. H Buckley - Washington University in St. LouisV Bugaev - Washington University in St. LouisJ. V Cardenzana - Iowa State UniversityM Cerruti - Harvard UniversityX Chen - University of PotsdamL Ciupik - Adler PlanetariumM. P Connolly - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of GalwayW Cui - Purdue University West LafayetteJ. D Eisch - Iowa State UniversityA Falcone - Pennsylvania State UniversityQ Feng - McGill UniversityJ. P Finley - Purdue University West LafayetteH FleischhackA Flinders - University of UtahL Fortson - University of MinnesotaA Furniss - California State University, East BayS Griffin - McGill UniversityM HüttenN Håkansson - University of PotsdamD Hanna - McGill UniversityO Hervet - University of California, Santa CruzJ Holder - University of DelawareT. B Humensky - Columbia UniversityP Kaaret - University of IowaP Kar - University of UtahM Kertzman - DePauw UniversityD Kieda - University of UtahM KrauseS Kumar - University of DelawareM. J Lang - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of GalwayG MaierS McArthur - Purdue University West LafayetteA McCann - McGill UniversityK Meagher - Georgia Institute of TechnologyP Moriarty - Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of GalwayR Mukherjee - Columbia UniversityD Nieto - Columbia UniversityS O'Brien - University College DublinR. A Ong - University of California, Los AngelesA. N Otte - Georgia Institute of TechnologyN Park - University of ChicagoV Pelassa - Harvard UniversityM Pohl - University of PotsdamA Popkow - University of California, Los AngelesE Pueschel - University College DublinK Ragan - McGill UniversityP. T Reynolds - Cork Institute of TechnologyG. T Richards - Georgia Institute of TechnologyE Roache - Harvard UniversityI SadehM Santander - Columbia UniversityG. H Sembroski - Purdue University West LafayetteK Shahinyan - University of MinnesotaD Staszak - University of ChicagoI Telezhinsky - University of PotsdamJ. V Tucci - Purdue University West LafayetteJ Tyler - McGill UniversityS. P Wakely - University of ChicagoA Weinstein - Iowa State UniversityA Wilhelm - University of PotsdamD. A Williams - University of California, Santa CruzM. L Ahnen - ETH ZurichS Ansoldi - Kyoto UniversityL. A Antonelli - the MAGIC CollaborationP Antoranz - University of SienaC Arcaro - University of PaduaA Babic - University of RijekaB Banerjee - Saha Institute of Nuclear PhysicsP Bangale - Max Planck SocietyU. Barres de Almeida - Max Planck SocietyJ. A Barrio - Universidad Complutense de MadridJ Becerra Gónzalez - the MAGIC CollaborationW Bednarek - University of ŁódźE Bernardini - Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinA Berti - University of UdineB Biasuzzi - University of UdineA Biland - ETH ZurichO Blanch - Autonomous University of BarcelonaS Bonnefoy - Universidad Complutense de MadridG Bonnoli - University of SienaF Borracci - Max Planck SocietyT Bretz - École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneR Carosi - University of SienaA Carosi - the MAGIC CollaborationA Chatterjee - Saha Institute of Nuclear PhysicsP Colin - Max Planck SocietyE Colombo - Universidad de La LagunaJ. L Contreras - Universidad Complutense de MadridJ Cortina - Autonomous University of BarcelonaS Covino - the MAGIC CollaborationP Cumani - Autonomous University of BarcelonaP Da Vela - University of SienaF Dazzi - Max Planck SocietyA De Angelis - University of PaduaB De Lotto - University of UdineE de Oña Wilhelmi - the MAGIC CollaborationF Di Pierro - the MAGIC CollaborationM Doert - the MAGIC CollaborationA Domínguez - Universidad Complutense de MadridD. Dominis Prester - University of RijekaD Dorner - University of WürzburgM Doro - University of PaduaS Einecke - the MAGIC CollaborationD. Eisenacher Glawion - University of WürzburgD Elsaesser - the MAGIC CollaborationM Engelkemeier - the MAGIC CollaborationV. Fallah Ramazani - University of TurkuA Fernández-Barral - the MAGIC CollaborationD Fidalgo - Universidad Complutense de MadridM. V Fonseca - Universidad Complutense de MadridL Font - Autonomous University of BarcelonaC Fruck - Max Planck SocietyD Galindo - Universitat de BarcelonaR. J. García López - Universidad de La LagunaM Garczarczyk - the MAGIC CollaborationM Gaug - Autonomous University of BarcelonaP Giammaria - the MAGIC CollaborationN Godinović - University of RijekaD Gora - the MAGIC CollaborationD Guberman - Autonomous University of BarcelonaD Hadasch - The University of TokyoA Hahn - Max Planck SocietyT Hassan - Autonomous University of BarcelonaM Hayashida - The University of TokyoJ Herrera - Universidad de La LagunaJ Hose - Max Planck SocietyD Hrupec - University of RijekaG Hughes - ETH ZurichW Idec - University of ŁódźK Kodani - The University of TokyoY Konno - The University of TokyoH Kubo - The University of TokyoJ Kushida - The University of TokyoD Lelas - University of RijekaE Lindfors - University of TurkuS Lombardi - the MAGIC CollaborationF Longo - University of UdineM López - Universidad Complutense de MadridR López-Coto - the MAGIC CollaborationP Majumdar - Saha Institute of Nuclear PhysicsM Makariev - Bulgarian Academy of SciencesK Mallot - the MAGIC CollaborationG Maneva - Bulgarian Academy of SciencesM Manganaro - Universidad de La LagunaK Mannheim - University of WürzburgL Maraschi - the MAGIC CollaborationB Marcote - Universitat de BarcelonaM Mariotti - University of PaduaM Martínez - Autonomous University of BarcelonaD Mazin - Max Planck SocietyU Menzel - Max Planck SocietyR Mirzoyan - Max Planck SocietyA Moralejo - Autonomous University of BarcelonaE Moretti - Max Planck SocietyD Nakajima - The University of TokyoV Neustroev - University of TurkuA Niedzwiecki - University of ŁódźM Nievas Rosillo - Universidad Complutense de MadridK Nilsson - University of TurkuK Nishijima - The University of TokyoK Noda - Max Planck SocietyL Nogués - Autonomous University of BarcelonaM Nöthe - the MAGIC CollaborationS Paiano - University of PaduaJ Palacio - Autonomous University of BarcelonaM Palatiello - University of UdineD Paneque - Max Planck SocietyR Paoletti - University of SienaJ. M Paredes - Universitat de BarcelonaX Paredes-Fortuny - the MAGIC CollaborationG Pedaletti - the MAGIC CollaborationM Peresano - University of UdineL Perri - the MAGIC CollaborationM Persic - University of BolognaJ Poutanen - University of TurkuP. G. Prada Moroni - University of PisaE Prandini - University of PaduaI Puljak - University of RijekaJ. R Garcia - Max Planck SocietyI Reichardt - University of PaduaW Rhode - the MAGIC CollaborationM Ribó - Universitat de BarcelonaJ Rico - Autonomous University of BarcelonaT Saito - The University of TokyoK Satalecka - the MAGIC CollaborationS Schroeder - the MAGIC CollaborationT Schweizer - Max Planck SocietyS. N Shore - University of PisaA Sillanpää - the MAGIC CollaborationJ Sitarek - University of ŁódźI Snidaric - University of RijekaD Sobczynska - University of ŁódźA Stamerra - the MAGIC CollaborationM Strzys - Max Planck SocietyT Surić - University of RijekaL Takalo - University of TurkuF Tavecchio - the MAGIC CollaborationP Temnikov - Bulgarian Academy of SciencesT Terzić - University of RijekaD Tescaro - University of PaduaM Teshima - Max Planck SocietyD. F Torres - the MAGIC CollaborationN Torres-Albà - the MAGIC CollaborationT Toyama - Max Planck SocietyA Treves - University of UdineG Vanzo - Universidad de La LagunaM Vazquez Acosta - Universidad de La LagunaI Vovk - Max Planck SocietyJ. E Ward - Autonomous University of BarcelonaM Will - Universidad de La LagunaM. H Wu - the MAGIC CollaborationR Zanin - Universitat de BarcelonaT Hovatta - Aalto UniversityI. de la Calle PerezP. S Smith - University of ArizonaE RaceroM Baloković - California Institute of TechnologyVERITAS Collaboration
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The Astrophysical journal, Vol.834(1), 2
- DOI
- 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/2
- ISSN
- 0004-637X
- eISSN
- 1538-4357
- Publisher
- Institute of Physics (IOP)
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 11/14/2016
- Academic Unit
- Physics and Astronomy
- Record Identifier
- 9984200046202771
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