Journal article
Acid rain and acidification in China: the importance of base cation deposition
Environmental pollution (1987), Vol.110(1), pp.89-102
2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00279-1
PMID: 15092859
Abstract
“Capsule”:
The present, historic and future deposition of sulfur and calcium in China is estimated, and possible effects on soils and forests are discussed by application of a dynamic soil acidification model.
Acid deposition has been recognized as a serious environmental problem in China. Most acid deposition studies have focused on sulfur deposition and the pH of precipitation. However, as high concentration of alkaline dust is an important feature of the atmosphere in large parts of China, base cation deposition must be taken into account when discussing possible effects on soils and vegetation from acid deposition. We estimate the deposition of sulfur as well as calcium, i.e. the dominating anion and cation, on a regional scale in China using data both from measurements and modeling. The ratio of sulfur/calcium in deposition is then used as an indicator for identifying areas where deposition acidity exceeds alkalinity, and where soils may be at risk to acidification. The dynamic soil acidification model MAGIC is applied with data from two sites receiving high deposition loads in southwest China. The model predictions indicate that considerable soil acidification has been going on for the last decades due to acid deposition inputs. Effects on the spatial distribution of acidic deposition in China, using different future deposition scenarios, are illustrated. As the size of the anthropogenic fraction of the base cation deposition is unknown, different possible future trends in calcium deposition were used. Soil response, according to the model, using different combinations of sulfur and calcium deposition scenarios is shown. Applying the most strict measures to reduce sulfur emission will almost eliminate the acid deposition problem; however, such a scenario is not economically feasible in the short term. A strict, but possibly realistic, future scenario for sulfur may be enough to keep the situation at the present level, assuming only moderate reductions in calcium deposition. With large decreases in base cation deposition, increased soil acidification can be expected even with considerable sulfur emission reductions.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Acid rain and acidification in China: the importance of base cation deposition
- Creators
- T Larssen - Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, NorwayG.R Carmichael - Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research and the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Environmental pollution (1987), Vol.110(1), pp.89-102
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd
- DOI
- 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00279-1
- PMID
- 15092859
- ISSN
- 0269-7491
- eISSN
- 1873-6424
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2000
- Academic Unit
- Civil and Environmental Engineering; Nursing; Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Record Identifier
- 9984003412502771
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