Acridine Orange Indicates Early Oxidation of Wood Cell Walls by Fungi

Carl J Houtman; Peter Kitin; Jon C D Houtman; Kenneth E Hammel; Christopher G Hunt

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159715

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Acridine Orange Indicates Early Oxidation of Wood Cell Walls by Fungi

Journal article

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Peer reviewed

Acridine Orange Indicates Early Oxidation of Wood Cell Walls by Fungi

Carl J Houtman, Peter Kitin, Jon C D Houtman, Kenneth E Hammel and Christopher G Hunt

PloS one, Vol.11(7), pp.e0159715-e0159715

2016

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159715

PMCID: PMC4959780

PMID: 27454126

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Abstract

Colonization of wood blocks by brown and white rot fungi rapidly resulted in detectable wood oxidation, as shown by a reduced phloroglucinol response, a loss of autofluorescence, and acridine orange (AO) staining. This last approach is shown to provide a novel method for identifying wood oxidation. When lignin was mildly oxidized, the association between AO and lignin was reduced such that stained wood sections emitted less green light during fluorescence microscopy. This change was detectable after less than a week, an interval that past work has shown to be too short for significant delignification of wood. Although fungal hyphae were observed in only a few wood lumina, oxidation was widespread, appearing relatively uniform over regions several hundred micrometers from the hyphae. This observation suggests that both classes of fungi release low molecular weight mild oxidants during the first few days of colonization.

Cell Wall - microbiology

Fungi

Acridine Orange - metabolism

Oxidation-Reduction

Cell Wall - metabolism

Wood - microbiology

Wood - metabolism

Details

Title: Subtitle: Acridine Orange Indicates Early Oxidation of Wood Cell Walls by Fungi
Creators: Carl J Houtman - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
Peter Kitin - Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
Jon C D Houtman - Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
Kenneth E Hammel - Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
Christopher G Hunt - USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: PloS one, Vol.11(7), pp.e0159715-e0159715
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159715
PMID: 27454126
PMCID: PMC4959780
NLM abbreviation: PLoS One
ISSN: 1932-6203
eISSN: 1932-6203
Publisher: Public Library of Science
Grant note: DOI: 10.13039/100006151, name: Basic Energy Sciences, award: DE-AI02-07ER64491; DOI: 10.13039/100006151, name: Basic Energy Sciences, award: DE-SC0006929
Language: English
Date published: 2016
Academic Unit: Microbiology and Immunology; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9984094383202771

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