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Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation induces protection of skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise-mediated injury
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation induces protection of skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise-mediated injury

Ruibo Wang, Maria L Urso, Edward J Zambraski, Erik P Rader, Kevin P Campbell and Bruce T Liang
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, Vol.299(1), pp.R259-R267
07/2010
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2010
PMCID: PMC2904144
PMID: 20427727
url
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2010View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Effective therapy to reduce skeletal muscle injury associated with severe or eccentric exercise is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adenosine receptor stimulation can mediate protection from eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury. Downhill treadmill exercise (−15°) was used to induce eccentric exercise-mediated skeletal muscle injury. Experiments were conducted in both normal wild-type (WT) mice and also in β-sarcoglycan knockout dystrophic mice, animals that show an exaggerated muscle damage with the stress of exercise. In the vehicle-treated WT animals, eccentric exercise increased serum creatine kinase (CK) greater than 3-fold to 358.9 ± 62.7 U/l (SE). This increase was totally abolished by stimulation of the A 3 receptor. In the dystrophic β-sarcoglycan-null mice, eccentric exercise caused CK levels to reach 55,124 ± 5,558 U/l. A 3 receptor stimulation in these animals reduced the CK response by nearly 50%. In the dystrophic mice at rest, 10% of the fibers were found to be damaged, as indicated by Evans blue dye staining. While this percentage was doubled after exercise, A 3 receptor stimulation eliminated this increase. Neither the A 1 receptor agonist 2-chloro- N 6 -cyclopentyladenosine (0.05 mg/kg) nor the A 2A receptor agonist 2- p -(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′- N -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (0.07 mg/kg) protected skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise injury in WT or dystrophic mice. The protective effect of adenosine A 3 receptor stimulation was absent in mice, in which genes for phospholipase C β2/β3 (PLCβ2/β3) and β-sarcoglycan were deleted. The present study elucidates a new protective role of the A 3 receptor and PLCβ2/β3 and points to a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for eccentric exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury.
muscle force creatine kinase inflammation β-sarcoglycan

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