Journal article
Adjoint sensitivity analysis of ozone nonattainment over the continental United States
Environmental science & technology, Vol.40(12), pp.3855-3864
06/15/2006
DOI: 10.1021/es052135g
PMID: 16830553
Abstract
An application of the adjoint method in air quality management is demonstrated. We use a continental scale chemical transport model (STEM) to calculate the sensitivities of a nationwide U.S. ozone national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) nonattainment metric to precursor emissions for the period July 1 to August 15, 2004. The model shows low bias and error (-4 and 24%, respectively), particularly for areas with high ozone concentrations. The nonattainment metric accounts for both 1-h and 8-h ozone standards, but is dominated by the 8-h exceedances (97% of the combined metric). Largest values of sensitivities are found to be with respect to emissions in the south and southeast U.S., Ohio River Valley, and California. When nonattainment sensitivities are integrated over the entire U.S., NOx emissions account for the largest contribution (62% of the total), followed by biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs (24% and 14%, respectively). For NOx emissions, point/area and mobile sources account for 54% and 46% of the total sensitivities, respectively. We also provide a state-by-state comparison for the nonattainment magnitude, nonattainment sensitivity, and emission magnitudes to explore the influence of interstate transport of ozone and its precursors, and policy implications of the results. Our analysis of the nationwide ozone nonattainment metric suggests that simple cap-and-trade programs may prove inadequate in achieving sought-after air quality objectives.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Adjoint sensitivity analysis of ozone nonattainment over the continental United States
- Creators
- Amir Hakami - Departments of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USAJohn H SeinfeldTianfeng ChaiYouhua TangGregory R CarmichaelAdrian Sandu
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Environmental science & technology, Vol.40(12), pp.3855-3864
- Publisher
- United States
- DOI
- 10.1021/es052135g
- PMID
- 16830553
- ISSN
- 0013-936X
- eISSN
- 1520-5851
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 06/15/2006
- Academic Unit
- Civil and Environmental Engineering; Nursing; Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Record Identifier
- 9984004196602771
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