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An open label randomized controlled trial of tamoxifen combined with amphotericin B and fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

An open label randomized controlled trial of tamoxifen combined with amphotericin B and fluconazole for cryptococcal meningitis

Nguyen Thi Thuy Ngan, Nhat Thanh Hoang Le, Nguyen Ngo Vi Vi, Ninh Thi Thanh Van, Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai, Duong Van Anh, Phan Hai Trieu, Nguyen Phu Huong Lan, Nguyen Hoan Phu, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, …
eLife, Vol.10, e68929
09/28/2021
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.68929
PMCID: PMC8547950
PMID: 34581270
url
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.68929View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Cryptococcal meningitis has high mortality. Flucytosine is a key treatment but is expensive and rarely available. The anticancer agent tamoxifen has synergistic anti-cryptococcal activity with amphotericin in vitro. It is off-patent, cheap, and widely available. We performed a trial to determine its therapeutic potential. Open label randomized controlled trial. Participants received standard care - amphotericin combined with fluconazole for the first 2 weeks - or standard care plus tamoxifen 300 mg/day. The primary end point was Early Fungicidal Activity (EFA) - the rate of yeast clearance from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03112031. Fifty patients were enrolled (median age 34 years, 35 male). Tamoxifen had no effect on EFA (-0.48log10 colony-forming units/mL/CSF control arm versus -0.49 tamoxifen arm, difference -0.005log10CFU/ml/day, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.15, p=0.95). Tamoxifen caused QTc prolongation. High-dose tamoxifen does not increase the clearance rate of from CSF. Novel, affordable therapies are needed. The trial was funded through the Wellcome Trust Asia Programme Vietnam Core Grant 106680 and a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship to JND grant number WT097147MA.
Adult Amphotericin B - therapeutic use Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use Cryptococcus neoformans - drug effects Drug Therapy, Combination Female Fluconazole - therapeutic use Humans Long QT Syndrome - chemically induced Male Meningitis, Cryptococcal - cerebrospinal fluid Meningitis, Cryptococcal - drug therapy Meningitis, Cryptococcal - metabolism Tamoxifen - adverse effects Tamoxifen - therapeutic use

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