Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses

Benjamin L Sievers; Saborni Chakraborty; Yong Xue; Terri Gelbart; Joseph C Gonzalez; Arianna G Cassidy; Yarden Golan; Mary Prahl; Stephanie L Gaw; Prabhu S Arunachalam; Catherine A Blish; Scott D Boyd; Mark M Davis; Prasanna Jagannathan; Kari C Nadeau; Bali Pulendran; Upinder Singh; Richard H Scheuermann; Matthew B Frieman; Sanjay Vashee; Taia T Wang; Gene S Tan

doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abn7842

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Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses

Benjamin L Sievers, Saborni Chakraborty, Yong Xue, Terri Gelbart, Joseph C Gonzalez, Arianna G Cassidy, Yarden Golan, Mary Prahl, Stephanie L Gaw, Prabhu S Arunachalam, …

Science translational medicine, Vol.14(634), pp.eabn7842-eabn7842

03/02/2022

DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn7842

PMID: 35025672

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Abstract

Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that have mutations associated with increased transmission and antibody escape have arisen over the course of the current pandemic. Although the current vaccines have largely been effective against past variants, the number of mutations found on the Omicron (B.1.1.529) spike protein appear to diminish the protection conferred by preexisting immunity. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudoparticles expressing the spike protein of several SARS-CoV-2 variants, we evaluated the magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response over time in individuals after infection and in mRNA-vaccinated individuals. We observed that boosting increases the magnitude of the antibody response to wild-type (D614), Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants; however, the Omicron variant was the most resistant to neutralization. We further observed that vaccinated healthy adults had robust and broad antibody responses, whereas responses may have been reduced in vaccinated pregnant women, underscoring the importance of learning how to maximize mRNA vaccine responses in pregnant populations. Findings from this study show substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude and breadth of responses after infection and mRNA vaccination and may support the addition of more conserved viral antigens to existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Adult

Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology

Antibodies, Viral - immunology

COVID-19 - immunology

COVID-19 - prevention & control

COVID-19 - virology

COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology

Female

Humans

mRNA Vaccines - immunology

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - immunology

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - prevention & control

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology

SARS-CoV-2 - immunology

Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology

Vaccines, Synthetic - immunology

Details

Title: Subtitle: Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses
Creators: Benjamin L Sievers - J. Craig Venter Institute
Saborni Chakraborty - Stanford Medicine
Yong Xue - J. Craig Venter Institute
Terri Gelbart - J. Craig Venter Institute
Joseph C Gonzalez - Stanford Medicine
Arianna G Cassidy - University of California, San Francisco
Yarden Golan - University of California, San Francisco
Mary Prahl - University of California, San Francisco
Stephanie L Gaw - University of California, San Francisco
Prabhu S Arunachalam - Stanford Medicine
Catherine A Blish - Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco
Scott D Boyd - Stanford University
Mark M Davis - Stanford Medicine
Prasanna Jagannathan - Stanford Medicine
Kari C Nadeau - Stanford Medicine
Bali Pulendran - Stanford Medicine
Upinder Singh - Stanford Medicine
Richard H Scheuermann - J. Craig Venter Institute
Matthew B Frieman - University of Maryland, Baltimore
Sanjay Vashee - J. Craig Venter Institute
Taia T Wang - Stanford University
Gene S Tan - University of California San Diego
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Science translational medicine, Vol.14(634), pp.eabn7842-eabn7842
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn7842
PMID: 35025672
NLM abbreviation: Sci Transl Med
ISSN: 1946-6234
eISSN: 1946-6242
Grant note: 75N93019C00076 / NIAID NIH HHS R03 AI146632 / NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI137365 / NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI076614 / NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI057229 / NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400008C / NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007290 / NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI153559 / NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI127886 / NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI150741 / NIAID NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 03/02/2022
Academic Unit: Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9985244557102771

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