Journal article
Aromatic organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols: Synthesis, characterization, and abundance
Atmospheric environment (1994), Vol.94, pp.366-373
09/2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.049
PMCID: PMC4071301
PMID: 24976783
Abstract
Aromatic organosulfates are identified and quantified in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from Lahore, Pakistan, Godavari, Nepal, and Pasadena, California. To support detection and quantification, authentic standards of phenyl sulfate, benzyl sulfate, 3- and 4-methylphenyl sulfate and 2-, 3-, and 4-methylbenzyl sulfate were synthesized. Authentic standards and aerosol samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to negative electrospray ionization (ESI) quadrupole time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometry. Benzyl sulfate was present in all three locations at concentrations ranging from 4 to 90 pg m−3. Phenyl sulfate, methylphenyl sulfates and methylbenzyl sulfates were observed intermittently with abundances of 4 pg m−3, 2–31 pg m−3, 109 pg m−3, respectively. Characteristic fragment ions of aromatic organosulfates include the sulfite radical (SO3−, m/z 80) and the sulfate radical (SO4−, m/z 96). Instrumental response factors of phenyl and benzyl sulfates varied by a factor of 4.3, indicating that structurally-similar organosulfates have significantly different instrumental responses and highlighting the need to develop authentic standards for absolute quantitation organosulfates. In an effort to better understand the sources of aromatic organosulfates to the atmosphere, chamber experiments with the precursor toluene were conducted under conditions that form biogenic organosulfates. Aromatic organosulfates were not detected in the chamber samples, suggesting that they form through different pathways, have different precursors (e.g. naphthalene or methylnaphthalene), or are emitted from primary sources. •Homologous series of benzyl and phenyl sulfates were synthesized.•Aromatic organosulfates were identified and quantified in ambient aerosol.•Major ESI fragments of aromatic organosulfates are sulfite and sulfate radicals.•Toluene chamber experiments did not generate aromatic organosulfates.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Aromatic organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols: Synthesis, characterization, and abundance
- Creators
- Sean Staudt - Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAShuvashish Kundu - Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAHans-Joachim Lehmler - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAXianran He - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USATianqu Cui - Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAYing-Hsuan Lin - Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAKasper Kristensen - Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkMarianne Glasius - Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkXiaolu Zhang - School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USARodney J Weber - Georgia Institute of TechnologyJason D Surratt - Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAElizabeth A Stone - Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Atmospheric environment (1994), Vol.94, pp.366-373
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.049
- PMID
- 24976783
- PMCID
- PMC4071301
- NLM abbreviation
- Atmos Environ (1994)
- ISSN
- 1352-2310
- eISSN
- 1873-2844
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000066, name: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, award: ES05605, ES013661
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 09/2014
- Academic Unit
- Occupational and Environmental Health; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Chemistry; Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Iowa Superfund Research Program
- Record Identifier
- 9983985867402771
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