Journal article
Assessing how individuals conceptualize numeric pain ratings: validity and reliability of the Pain Schema Inventory (PSI–6) Short Form
Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland), Vol.5, 1415635
08/05/2024
DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1415635
PMCID: PMC11330879
PMID: 39161648
Abstract
Background: While numeric scales to represent pain intensity have been well validated, individuals use various conceptualizations when assigning a number to pain intensity, referred to as pain rating schema. The 18-item Pain Schema Inventory (PSI-18) quantifies pain rating schema by asking for numeric values for multiple mild, moderate or severe pain conditions. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a shortened form of the PSI, using only 6 items (PSI-6).
Methods: A secondary analysis was performed on two existing datasets. The first (n = 641) involved a community-based population that completed the PSI-18. The second (n = 182) included participants with chronic pain who completed the PSI-6 twice, one week apart. We assessed face validity, convergent validity, offset biases, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the PSI-6 compared to the PSI-18.
Results: Both the PSI-18 and PSI-6 demonstrated excellent face validity. The PSI-6 demonstrated excellent convergent validity relative to the PSI-18, with correlations from r = 0.88 to 0.92. Bland-Altman plots revealed offset biases near zero (< 0.22 on 0–10 scale) across all categories of mild, moderate, severe and average pain. Internal consistency was excellent, with Cronbach's Alpha = 0.91 and 0.80, for PSI-18 and PSI-6 respectively. Test-retest reliability of the PSI-6 was high with correlations from r = 0.70–0.76.
Conclusion: The PSI-6 is a valid and reliable tool to assess pain rating schema with reduced subject burden, to better interpret individuals’ pain ratings and adjust for inter-individual variability.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Assessing how individuals conceptualize numeric pain ratings: validity and reliability of the Pain Schema Inventory (PSI–6) Short Form
- Creators
- Robert C. Wiederien - University of Iowa, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceDan Wang - University of IowaLaura A. Frey-Law - , ,
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland), Vol.5, 1415635
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media S.A
- DOI
- 10.3389/fpain.2024.1415635
- PMID
- 39161648
- PMCID
- PMC11330879
- ISSN
- 2673-561X
- eISSN
- 2673-561X
- Grant note
- UM1TR004403 / National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 08/05/2024
- Academic Unit
- Nursing; Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science
- Record Identifier
- 9984697259902771
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