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Association of Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and Microsatellite Instability (MSI) with response and outcomes in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI)
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Association of Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and Microsatellite Instability (MSI) with response and outcomes in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI)

Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi, Rafee Talukder, Dimitrios Makrakis, Leonidas Diamantopoulos, Thomas Enright, Jacob B. Leary, Ubenthira Patgunarajah, Vinay Mathew Thomas, Umang Swami, Neeraj Agarwal, …
Clinical genitourinary cancer, Vol.22(6), 102198
12/2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102198
PMID: 39241315

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Abstract

Background Microsatellite Instability (MSI) and Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) are associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy. We examined the association between TMB and MSI status with survival in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) treated with ICI. Methods Patients from 15 institutions were treated with ICI monotherapy. Primary endpoint was overall survival and secondary endpoints included observed response rate (ORR), and progression-free (PFS) calculated from ICI initiation. TMB was analyzed as dichotomous (≥10 vs. <10 mut/Mb) and continuous variable. Results We identified 411 patients: 203 were treated with ICI 1L/upfront; 104 with 2 + L. For the 1L/upfront: median [m] OS was numerically longer in patients with TMB ≥10 versus TMB <10: mOS 35 versus 26 months (HR = 0.6) and with MSI-H and MSI-S (mOS NR vs. 22 months), though neither association was statistically significant. A statistically significant association was found between TMB (continuous variable) and OS (HR = 0.96, P = .01). For 2 + L: mOS was numerically longer in patients with TMB ≥10 versus TMB <10: (20 vs. 12 months; HR = 0.9); mOS was 12 and 17 months for patients with MSI-H and MSI-S, respectively. Eighty-nine patients received maintenance avelumab (mAV): mOS was longer in patients with TMB ≥10 versus TMB <10: 61 versus 17 months; (HR = 0.2, P = .02) and with MSI-H and MSI-S (NR vs. 24 months). Conclusions Although not reaching statistical significance in several subsets, patients with high TMB and MSI-H had numerically longer OS with ICI, especially with mAV. Further validation is needed.
Biomarkers Bladder Cancer Genomics Immunotherapy Urothelial carcinoma

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