Journal article
Association of distance to diagnosis and area-based social measures with stage at diagnosis among Iowans with HPV-related cancers
Cancer causes & control, Vol.36(12), pp.1881-1890
12/2025
DOI: 10.1007/s10552-025-02066-4
PMCID: PMC12630225
PMID: 40928603
Appears in UI Libraries Support Open Access
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes oral and anogenital cancers, the incidence of which is increasing. Late-stage diagnosis is associated with increased mortality. Neighborhood-level characteristics and distance to place of diagnosis may impact timely diagnosis. Being a largely rural state, Iowa presents a unique location to understand the association between distance, neighborhood characteristics, and stage at diagnosis.
Data from the Iowa Cancer Registry from 2010 to 2021 were used to identify adults with HPV-associated cancers (cervical, oropharyngeal, vulvar/vaginal, anal/rectal, and penile). Four area based social measures (ABSMs) were used to operationalize neighborhood characteristics: proportion of families living in poverty, proportion of households participating in food stamps, social vulnerability index, and environmental justice index. Distance was measured from the centroid of a person's census tract to their treatment facility. For each cancer type, we ran four logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, to assess associations between distance and each of the ABSMs independently with our outcome, late stage diagnosis.
Among those with cervical cancer, greater distance to diagnosis was associated with later stage at diagnosis, irrespective of ABSM controlled for. Among those with cervical cancer, greater environmental injustice was associated with later stage at diagnosis (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = [1.02,3.09]). Among those with vulvar/vaginal cancer, greater proportion of families in poverty was associated with earlier stage at diagnosis (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.78]). There were no interactions between ABSMs and distance to care.
It is important to consider ABSMs and distance to care when identifying those at-risk of late-stage diagnosis.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Association of distance to diagnosis and area-based social measures with stage at diagnosis among Iowans with HPV-related cancers
- Creators
- Emily Janio - University of IowaAmanda R Kahl - University of IowaDosten Kpozehouen - University of IowaNatoshia Askelson - University of IowaSarah H Nash - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Cancer causes & control, Vol.36(12), pp.1881-1890
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10552-025-02066-4
- PMID
- 40928603
- PMCID
- PMC12630225
- NLM abbreviation
- Cancer Causes Control
- ISSN
- 1573-7225
- eISSN
- 1573-7225
- Publisher
- Springer Nature
- Grant note
- Contract HHSN26120130010I, Task Order HHSN26100005 / Iowa Cancer Registry 3P30CA086862 / Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa T32 GM139776 / NIGMS NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 09/10/2025
- Date published
- 12/2025
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Injury Prevention Research Center; Community and Behavioral Health
- Record Identifier
- 9984962642602771
Metrics
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