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Association of low income with pulmonary disease progression in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Association of low income with pulmonary disease progression in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Katherine E Lowe, Barry J Make, James D Crapo, Gregory L Kinney, John E Hokanson, Victor Kim, Anand S Iyer, Surya P Bhatt, Karin F Hoth, Kristen E Holm, …
ERJ open research, Vol.4(4), 00069-2018
11/12/2018
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00069-2018
PMCID: PMC6230816
PMID: 30443555
url
https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00069-2018View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Low socioeconomic status has been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but little is known about its impact on disease progression. We assessed the association of income to symptoms, pulmonary disease severity and progression in smokers with and without COPD.
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