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Association studies of low-frequency coding variants in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Association studies of low-frequency coding variants in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate

Elizabeth J Leslie, Jenna C Carlson, John R Shaffer, Carmen J Buxó, Eduardo E Castilla, Kaare Christensen, Frederic W B Deleyiannis, Leigh L Field, Jacqueline T Hecht, Lina Moreno, …
American journal of medical genetics. Part A, Vol.173(6), pp.1531-1538
06/2017
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38210
PMCID: PMC5444956
PMID: 28425186

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Abstract

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a group of common human birth defects with complex etiology. Although genome-wide association studies have successfully identified a number of risk loci, these loci only account for about 20% of the heritability of orofacial clefts. The "missing" heritability may be found in rare variants, copy number variants, or interactions. In this study, we investigated the role of low-frequency variants genotyped in 1995 cases and 1626 controls on the Illumina HumanCore + Exome chip. We performed two statistical tests, Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT) and Combined Multivariate and Collapsing (CMC) method using two minor allele frequency cutoffs (1% and 5%). We found that a burden of low-frequency coding variants in N4BP2, CDSN, PRTG, and AHRR were associated with increased risk of NSCL/P. Low-frequency variants in other genes were associated with decreased risk of NSCL/P. These results demonstrate that low-frequency variants contribute to the genetic etiology of NSCL/P.
Glycoproteins - genetics European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genome-Wide Association Study Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics Membrane Proteins - genetics Brain - physiopathology Gene Frequency Humans Risk Factors DNA Repair Enzymes - genetics Repressor Proteins - genetics Genotype Cleft Palate - genetics Cleft Palate - physiopathology Brain - abnormalities Cleft Lip - genetics Exome - genetics Cleft Lip - physiopathology Alleles Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics

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