Journal article
Associations of routine breakfast and napping habits with early adiposity rebound by age 3 years: a population-based cohort study in Japan
Clinical and experimental pediatrics, Vol.69(2), pp.163-170
02/01/2026
DOI: 10.3345/cep.2025.01998
PMID: 41125228
Abstract
Background: Early adiposity rebound (AR) is a key pre dictor of later obesity and metabolic risk, yet modifiable factors related to early AR remain understudied in large populations. Purpose: To quantify the prevalence of early AR at age 3 years and identify modifiable correlates in a popula tionbased cohort of Japanese preschool children. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed health check records for 74,466 children who attended both 1.5 and 3 year examinations (2014-2019). Body mass index (BMI) values were converted to World Health Organization z scores; early AR was defined as any increase in BMI between 1.5 and 3 years. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for birth weight category, sex, household struc ture, sleep duration, and behavioral factors. Results: Early AR occurred in 18,673 children (25%), whereas obesity (BMI z score >= 1.64) was present in 4% at 3 years. After controlling the adjustments, routine break fast consumption (odds ratio [OR] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.97) and regular napping at 1.5 years (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.90) were independently asso ciated with reduced odds of early AR, while obesity at 1.5 years strongly predicted early AR (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 4.00-4.67). Routine juice intake or fastfood consumption showed no significant associations. Conclusion: In this population based cohort, one in 4 preschoolers had early AR by age 3. Simple daily rou tines-eating breakfast and maintaining regular sleep- may help delay AR and offer actionable targets for early obesity prevention.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Associations of routine breakfast and napping habits with early adiposity rebound by age 3 years: a population-based cohort study in Japan
- Creators
- Toshifumi Yodoshi - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Clinical and experimental pediatrics, Vol.69(2), pp.163-170
- DOI
- 10.3345/cep.2025.01998
- PMID
- 41125228
- NLM abbreviation
- Clin Exp Pediatr
- ISSN
- 2713-4148
- eISSN
- 2713-4148
- Publisher
- Korean Pediatric Soc
- Number of pages
- 8
- Grant note
- 20013 / Japan Foundation for Pediatric Research (JFPR) 20K23229 / JSPS KAKENHI; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI)
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 02/01/2026
- Academic Unit
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pancreatology, and Nutrition
- Record Identifier
- 9985214106202771
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