Journal article
Beliefs in vaccine as causes of autism among SPARK cohort caregivers
Vaccine, Vol.38(7), pp.1794-1803
02/11/2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.026
PMID: 31924427
Abstract
Fear of autism has led to a decline in childhood-immunization uptake and to a resurgence of preventable infectious diseases. Identifying characteristics of parents who believe in a causal role of vaccines for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their child may help targeting educational activities and improve adherence to the immunization schedule.
To compare caregivers of children with ASD who agree or disagree that vaccines play an etiological role in autism for 1) socio-demographics characteristics and 2) developmental and clinical profiles of their children.
Data from 16,525 participants with ASD under age 18 were obtained from SPARK, a national research cohort started in 2016. Caregivers completed questionnaires at registration that included questions on beliefs about the etiologic role of childhood immunizations and other factors in ASD. Data were available about family socio-demographic characteristics, first symptoms of autism, developmental regression, co-occurring psychiatric disorders, seizures, and current levels of functioning.
Participants with ASD were 80.4% male with a mean age of 8.1 years (SD = 4.1). Overall, 16.5% of caregivers endorsed immunizations as perceived causes of autism. Compared to caregivers who disagreed with vaccines as a cause for ASD, those who believed in vaccine causation came disproportionately from ethnic minority, less educated, and less wealthy backgrounds. More often their children had experienced developmental regression involving language and other skills, were diagnosed earlier, had lost skills during the second year of life, and had worse language, adaptive, and cognitive outcomes.
One in six caregivers who participate in a national research cohort believe that child immunizations could be a cause of autism in their child. Parent social background (non-White, less educated) and child developmental features (regression in second year, poorer language skills, and worse adaptive outcomes) index caregivers who are more likely to harbor these beliefs and could benefit from targeted educational activities.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Beliefs in vaccine as causes of autism among SPARK cohort caregivers
- Creators
- Eric Fombonne - Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics & Behavioral Neuroscience - Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USAMark Jones - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsTaylor Kalmus - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRobin P Goin-Kochel - Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USAJacob J Michaelson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsBrian J O'Roak - Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USAAmy Nicholson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHongjian Qi - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJiayao Wang - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHaicang Zhang - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLeonard Abbeduto - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsGabriella Aberbach - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJohn Acampado - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAndrea J Ace - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCharles Albright - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMichael Alessandri - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDavid G Amaral - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlpha Amatya - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsClaudine Anglo - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRobert D Annett - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsIvette Arriaga - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRaven Ashley - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsIrina Astrovskaya - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKelly Baalman - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMelissa Baer - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEthan Bahl - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAdithya Balasubramanian - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsGabrielle Baraghoshi - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNicole Bardett - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRebecca A Barnard - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAsif Bashar - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsArthur Beaudet - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMalia Beckwith - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLandon Beeson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDawn Bentley - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRaphael A Bernier - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsElizabeth Berry-Kravis - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSarah Boland - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsStephanie Booker - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCatherine Bradley - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsStephanie J Brewster - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsElizabeth Brooks - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMelissa Brown - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLeo Brueggeman - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMartin E Butler - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEric M Butter - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKristen Callahan - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlexies Camba - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsPaul Carbone - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLaura Carpenter - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSarah Carpenter - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNicholas Carriero - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLindsey A Cartner - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLucas Casten - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCheryl Cohen - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAhmad S Chatha - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKendra Coleman - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsWubin Chin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCostanza Columbi - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSharmista Chintalapalli - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLeigh Coppola - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEric Courchesne - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDaniel Cho - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsWendy K Chung - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJoseph F Cubells - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRenee D Clark - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMary Hannah Currin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAmy M Daniels - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsGiancarla David - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLindsey DeMarco - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMegan Y Dennis - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKate Dent - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsGabriel S Dichter - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsYan Ding - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHuyen Dinh - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRyan Doan - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHarshaVardhan Doddapaneni - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEvan E Eichler - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSara Eldred - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsChristine Eng - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCraig A Erickson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAmy Esler - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAli Fatemi - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsPamela Feliciano - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsGregory Fischer - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAngela Fish - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsIan Fisk - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMargaret Foster - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEmily A Fox - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSunday Francis - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSandra L Friedman - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSwami Ganesan - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMichael Garrett - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsVahid Gazestani - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMadeleine R Geisheker - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJennifer A Gerdts - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDaniel H Geschwind - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMohammad Ghaziuddin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRichard A Gibbs - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNatalia Gonzalez - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLindsey Goudreau - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAnthony J Griswold - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLuke P Grosvenor - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAngela J Gruber - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAmanda C Gulsrud - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJaclyn Gunderson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsChris Gunter - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAbha Gupta - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAnibal Gutierrez - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMelissa N Hale - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMonica Haley - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJacob B Hall - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKira E Hamer - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsBing Han - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNathan Hanna - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAntonio Hardan - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsBrenda Hauf - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsChristina Harkins - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKathryn Heerwagen - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSusan L Hepburn - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJill Harris - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCaitlin Hayes - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsGloria Harrington - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNina Harris - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLynette M Herbert - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMichelle Heyman - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsBrittani A Hilscher - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEugenia Hofammann - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLorrin Higgins - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMargaret Hojlo - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSusannah Horner - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlexander Hsieh - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJianhong Hu - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLark Y Huang-Storms - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSamantha Hunter - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHanna Hutter - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDalia Istephanous - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSuma Jacob - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNancy Jaramillo - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAnna Jelinek - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsWilliam Jensen - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMichelle Jordy - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlissa Jorgenson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRoger Jou - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJessyca Judge - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJane Jurayj - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsStephen Kanne - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHannah E Kaplan - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLauren Kasparson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMatt Kent - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSo Hyun Kim - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlex Kitaygorodsky - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHope Koene - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsTanner Koomar - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsViktoriya Korchina - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAnthony D Krentz - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHoa Lam Schneider - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsElena Lamarche - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsErica Lampert - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRebecca J Landa - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlex E Lash - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJ Kiely Law - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNoah Lawson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHolly Lechniak - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSandra Lee - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKevin Layman - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSoo J Lee - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDaniel Lee Coury - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsChrista Lese Martin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLaurie Lesher - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHai Li - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDeana Li - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNatasha Lillie - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsXiuping Liu - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMarilyn Lopez - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCatherine Lord - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKathryn Lowe - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMalcolm D Mallardi - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsPatricia Manning - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJulie Manoharan - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRichard Marini - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsChrista Martin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsGabriela Marzano - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAndrew Mason - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEmily T Matthews - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJames T McCracken - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSarah Mastel - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlexander P McKenzie - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlexandra Miceli - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAnna Milliken - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSarah Mohiuddin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsZeineen Momin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMichael J Morrier - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsStewart Mostofsky - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsShwetha Murali - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDonna Muzny - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsVincent J Myers - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJason Neely - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCaitlin Nessner - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMelanie Niederhouser - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKaela O'Brien - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEirene O'Connor - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMolly O'Neil - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCesar Ochoa-Lubinoff - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJessica Orobio - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLibby Orrick - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCrissy Ortiz - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsOpal Y Ousley - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLillian D Pacheco - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSamiza Palmer - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJuhi Pandey - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAnna Marie Paolicelli - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKatherine G Pawlowski - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKaren L Pierce - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJoseph Piven - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSamantha Plate - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJose Polanco - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMarc Popp - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNatalie Pottschmidt - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsTiziano Pramparo - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAngela L Rachubinski - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLisa M Prock - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKshitij Rajbhandari - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRishiraj Rana - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsShanping Qiu - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsVai Ranganathan - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLaurie Raymond - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRick Remington - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCatherine E Rice - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsChris Rigby - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsBeverly E Robertson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNicki Rodriguez - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsBarbara Rodriguez - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKatherine Roeder - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCordelia R Rosenberg - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNicole Russo-Ponsaran - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsElizabeth Ruzzo - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAniko Sabo - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMustafa Sahin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSophia Sandhu - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAndrei Salomatov - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSusan Santangelo - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDustin E Sarver - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJessica Scherr - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRobert T Schultz - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKathryn A Schweers - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsRebecca Shaffer - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSwapnil Shah - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsTamim Shaikh - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsYufeng Shen - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAmanda D Shocklee - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLisa Shulman - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMatthew Siegel - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAndrea R Simon - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLaura Simon - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsVini Singh - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSteve Skinner - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsChristopher J Smith - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsKaitlin Smith - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLeeAnne G Snyder - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLatha V Soorya - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAubrie Soucy - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsDanielle Stamps - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMorgan Steele - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAlexandra N Stephens - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsColleen M Stock - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCatherine Sullivan - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJames S Sutcliffe - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAmy Swanson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMaira Tafolla - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNicole Takahashi - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCora Taylor - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCarrie Thomas - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsTaylor Thomas - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSamantha Thompson - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJennifer Tjernagel - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsTychele N Turner - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMaria Valicenti-McDermott - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJeremy Veenstra-Vanderweele - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsBonnie Van Metre - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMary Verdi - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCandace Van Wade - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsBrianna M Vernoia - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsNatalia Volfovsky - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsJermel Wallace - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsCorrie H Walston - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsTianyun Wang - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsZachary Warren - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsLucy Wasserburg - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSabrina White - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsL Casey White-Lehman - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsEricka L Wodka - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSimon Xu - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsWha S Yang - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsMeredith Yinger - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsSarah Youngkin - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsTimothy Yu - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHaoquan Zhao - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsAllyson Zick - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsA. Pablo JuarezLan Zang - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsXueya Zhou - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the AcknowledgementsHana Zaydens - Membership of the SPARK Consortium Members is Provided in the Acknowledgements
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Vaccine, Vol.38(7), pp.1794-1803
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.026
- PMID
- 31924427
- NLM abbreviation
- Vaccine
- ISSN
- 0264-410X
- eISSN
- 1873-2518
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000893, name: Simons Foundation; DOI: 10.13039/100014370, name: SFARI; DOI: 10.13039/100000893, name: Simons Foundation
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 02/11/2020
- Academic Unit
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Communication Sciences and Disorders; Psychiatry; Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Record Identifier
- 9984070488002771
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