Journal article
Biomarker-Calibrated Macronutrient Intake and Chronic Disease Risk among Postmenopausal Women
The Journal of nutrition, Vol.151(8), pp.2330-2341
08/07/2021
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab091
PMCID: PMC8349120
PMID: 33880504
Abstract
Knowledge about macronutrient intake and chronic disease risk has been limited by the absence of objective macronutrient measures. Recently, we proposed novel biomarkers for protein, protein density, carbohydrate, and carbohydrate density, using established biomarkers and serum and urine metabolomics profiles in a human feeding study.
We aimed to use these biomarkers to develop calibration equations for macronutrient variables using dietary self-reports and personal characteristics and to study the association between biomarker-calibrated intake estimates and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes risk in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts.
Prospective disease association analyses are based on WHI cohorts of postmenopausal US women aged 50-79 y when enrolled at 40 US clinical centers (n = 81,954). We used biomarker intake values in a WHI nutritional biomarker study (n = 436) to develop calibration equations for each macronutrient variable, leading to calibrated macronutrient intake estimates throughout WHI cohorts. We then examined the association of these intakes with chronic disease incidence over a 20-y (median) follow-up period using HR regression methods.
In analyses that included doubly labeled water-calibrated total energy, HRs for cardiovascular diseases and cancers were mostly unrelated to calibrated protein density. However, many were inversely related to carbohydrate density, with HRs (95% CIs) for a 20% increment in carbohydrate density of 0.81 (0.69, 0.95) and 0.83 (0.74, 0.93), respectively, for primary outcomes of coronary heart disease and breast cancer, as well as 0.74 (0.60, 0.91) and 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) for secondary outcomes of heart failure and total invasive cancer. Corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for type 2 diabetes incidence in relation to protein density and carbohydrate density were 1.17 (1.09, 1.75) and 0.73 (0.66, 0.80), respectively.
At specific energy intake, a diet high in carbohydrate density is associated with substantially reduced risk of major chronic diseases in a population of US postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Biomarker-Calibrated Macronutrient Intake and Chronic Disease Risk among Postmenopausal Women
- Creators
- Ross L Prentice - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterMary Pettinger - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterMarian L Neuhouser - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterDaniel Raftery - University of WashingtonCheng Zheng - University of Nebraska Medical CenterG A Nagana Gowda - University of WashingtonYing Huang - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterLesley F Tinker - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterBarbara V Howard - Georgetown University Medical CenterJoAnn E Manson - Brigham and Women's HospitalRobert Wallace - University of IowaYasmin Mossavar-Rahmani - Albert Einstein College of MedicineKaren C Johnson - University of Tennessee Health Science CenterJohanna W Lampe - Fred Hutch Cancer Center
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The Journal of nutrition, Vol.151(8), pp.2330-2341
- DOI
- 10.1093/jn/nxab091
- PMID
- 33880504
- PMCID
- PMC8349120
- NLM abbreviation
- J Nutr
- ISSN
- 1541-6100
- eISSN
- 1541-6100
- Grant note
- HHSN271201600004I / NIDA NIH HHS P30 DK035816 / NIDDK NIH HHS R01 CA119171 / NCI NIH HHS S10 OD021562 / NIH HHS P30 CA015704 / NCI NIH HHS HHSN271201600004C / NIDA NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 08/07/2021
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Injury Prevention Research Center; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984363598702771
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