CGRP and Migraine: Real World Insights and Future Therapeutic Directions

Andrew F Russo; Eric A Kaiser

doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050224-111631

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CGRP and Migraine: Real World Insights and Future Therapeutic Directions

Journal article

Peer reviewed

CGRP and Migraine: Real World Insights and Future Therapeutic Directions

Andrew F Russo and Eric A Kaiser

Annual review of medicine, Vol.77(1), pp.415-432

01/2026

DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050224-111631

PMCID: PMC12818195

PMID: 41296986

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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12818195/View

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Abstract

Therapeutic targeting of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a bench-to-bedside success story that has established migraine as a treatable neurological disorder. There are now eight monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule receptor antagonists approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine. This review focuses on evolving real-world data for these inhibitors of CGRP activity. While the drugs have been remarkably safe so far, some adverse effects are arising. To conclude, we speculate on the emerging use of CGRP inhibitors for other disorders and what lies on the horizon for combinatorial and neuropeptide-based treatments inspired by the CGRP story.

Hypertension

CGRP

migraine

gepant

monoclonal antibody

constipation

Details

Title: Subtitle: CGRP and Migraine: Real World Insights and Future Therapeutic Directions
Creators: Andrew F Russo - University of Iowa
Eric A Kaiser - University of Pennsylvania
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Annual review of medicine, Vol.77(1), pp.415-432
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050224-111631
PMID: 41296986
PMCID: PMC12818195
NLM abbreviation: Annu Rev Med
ISSN: 1545-326X
eISSN: 1545-326X
Publisher: ANNUAL REVIEWS
Grant note: National Institutes of Health: R01NS075599, R01NS129573, K08NS120595
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants R01NS075599 and R01NS129573 to A.F.R. and K08NS120595 to E.A.K.). The contents do not represent the views of the US Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 11/26/2025
Date published: 01/2026
Academic Unit: Neurology; Molecular Physiology and Biophysics; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center
Record Identifier: 9985035042802771

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