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COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence

Likhita Shaik, Sydney Boike, Kannan Ramar, Shyam Subramanian and Salim Surani
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), Vol.59(5), p.818
04/22/2023
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050818
PMCID: PMC10221134
PMID: 37241050
url
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050818View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

The need for adequate good quality sleep to optimally function is well known. Over years, various physical, psychological, biological, and social factors have been investigated to understand their impact on sleep. However, understanding the etiological processes that are involved in causing sleep disturbances (SD) as impacted by stressful phases such as pandemics has not been well studied. Many such etiological and management strategies have surfaced during the latest "coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The occurrence of these SD in the infected and uninfected individuals poses a need to investigate factors linked to such occurrence during this phase. Some of such factors include stressful practices such as social distancing, masking, vaccines, and medications availability, changes in routines, and lifestyles. As the status of infection improved, a collective term for all the prolonged effects of COVID-19 after the resolution of the primary infection called the post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) surfaced. Apart from impacting sleep during the infectious phase, the aftereffects of this virus left an even greater impact during the PCS. Various mechanisms have been hypothesized to be linked to such SD during the PCS, but the available data are inconclusive. Further, the varied patterns of incidence of these SDs differed by many factors, such as age, gender, and geographical location, making clinical management even more challenging. This review elucidates the impact of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID) disease on sleep health during the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigate different causal relationships, management strategies, and knowledge gaps related to SD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 COVID-19 - complications Humans Pandemics - prevention & control Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome SARS-CoV-2 Sleep Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology Sleep Wake Disorders - etiology

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