Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant

Elizabeth K Costello; Christine L Sun; Erica M Carlisle; Michael J Morowitz; Jillian F Banfield; David A Relman

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03821-7

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Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant

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Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant

Elizabeth K Costello, Christine L Sun, Erica M Carlisle, Michael J Morowitz, Jillian F Banfield and David A Relman

Scientific reports, Vol.7(1), 3764

06/19/2017

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03821-7

PMCID: PMC5476646

PMID: 28630471

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Abstract

Genital mycoplasmas, which can be vertically transmitted, have been implicated in preterm birth, neonatal infections, and chronic lung disease of prematurity. Our prior work uncovered 16S rRNA genes belonging to a novel, as-yet-uncultivated mycoplasma (lineage 'Mnola') in the oral cavity of a premature neonate. Here, we characterize the organism's associated community, growth status, metabolic potential, and population diversity. Sequencing of genomic DNA from the infant's saliva yielded 1.44 Gbp of high-quality, non-human read data, from which we recovered three essentially complete (including 'Mnola') and three partial draft genomes (including Trichomonas vaginalis). The completed 629,409-bp 'Mnola' genome (Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii str. UC-B3) was distinct at the strain level from its closest relative, vaginally-derived Ca. M. girerdii str. VCU-M1, which is also associated with T. vaginalis. Replication rate measurements indicated growth of str. UC-B3 within the infant. Genes encoding surface-associated proteins and restriction-modification systems were especially diverse within and between strains. In UC-B3, the population genetic underpinnings of phase variable expression were evident in vivo. Unique among mycoplasmas, Ca. M. girerdii encodes pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase and may be sensitive to metronidazole. This study reveals a metabolically unique mycoplasma colonizing a premature neonate, and establishes the value of genome-resolved metagenomics in tracking phase variation.

Mycoplasma Infections - pathology

Mycoplasma Infections - microbiology

Humans

Mycoplasma - genetics

Male

Trichomonas vaginalis - genetics

Mycoplasma Infections - genetics

Trichomonas Infections - microbiology

Mouth - microbiology

Trichomonas Infections - metabolism

Trichomonas Infections - pathology

Mycoplasma Infections - metabolism

Mycoplasma - growth & development

Mouth - pathology

Trichomonas vaginalis - growth & development

Female

Trichomonas Infections - genetics

Infant, Newborn

Details

Title: Subtitle: Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii replicates, diversifies, and co-occurs with Trichomonas vaginalis in the oral cavity of a premature infant
Creators: Elizabeth K Costello - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
Christine L Sun - Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
Erica M Carlisle - Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
Michael J Morowitz - Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
Jillian F Banfield - Department of Earth & Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
David A Relman - Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. relman@stanford.edu
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Scientific reports, Vol.7(1), 3764
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03821-7
PMID: 28630471
PMCID: PMC5476646
NLM abbreviation: Sci Rep
ISSN: 2045-2322
eISSN: 2045-2322
Publisher: England
Grant note: K99 HD074743 / NICHD NIH HHS R01 AI092531 / NIAID NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 06/19/2017
Academic Unit: Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Surgery
Record Identifier: 9984051769902771

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