Journal article
Cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid after controlled vaporizer administration with and without alcohol
Forensic toxicology, Vol.33(2), pp.260-278
07/2015
DOI: 10.1007/s11419-015-0269-6
Abstract
Oral fluid (OF) is an advantageous matrix for cannabis detection, with on-site tests available for roadside drug-impaired driver screening. Limited data exist for device performance following consumption of vaporized cannabis, which reduces exposure to harmful combustion by-products. We assessed cannabinoid OF disposition, with and without alcohol, and evaluated on-site Dräger® DrugTest 5000 performance (Dräger) following controlled vaporization of cannabis. Forty-three cannabis smokers (≥1×/3 months, ≤3 days/week) reported 10–16 h prior to dosing, and drank placebo or low-dose alcohol [target ~0.065 % peak breath-alcohol concentration (BrAC)] 10 min prior to inhaling 500 mg of placebo, low-dose [2.9 % ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)], or high-dose (6.7 % THC) vaporized cannabis (within-subjects; six possible alcohol–cannabis combinations; 19 completers). BrAC readings and OF (Quantisal™, Dräger) were collected before and up to 8.3 h post-dose. Median [range] maximum OF concentrations (C
max) for low and high doses (no alcohol, N = 19) were 848 [32.1–18,230] and 764 [25.1–23,680] µg/l THC; 6.0 [0–100] and 26.8 [1.0–1106] µg/l cannabidiol; 54.4 [1.8–941] and 29.7 [0–766] µg/l cannabinol; and 24.1 [0–686] and 18.0 [0–414] ng/l 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH). Lack of significant differences in THC concentration between low doses and high doses indicated that participants may have titrated doses. THC, cannabidiol and cannabinol C
max values were immediately post-inhalation, but metabolite THCCOOH t
max showed interindividual variability. Concurrent alcohol did not affect OF cannabinoid concentrations or on-site test sensitivity. With a THC confirmation cutoff of 5 µg/l, Dräger sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were 60.8, 98.2, and 82.5 %. Dräger had lower sensitivity after 6.7 % THC vaporization (53.8 %, THC ≥2 µg/l confirmation cutoff) than reported following smoking a 6.8 % THC cigarette, but high specificity (99.3 %) and comparable efficiency (65.0 %). Vaporized THC bioavailability may be lower than that when smoked. Confirmation cutoff, time course, intake histories, and additional cannabinoid analytes also affect OF interpretation.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid after controlled vaporizer administration with and without alcohol
- Creators
- Rebecca Hartman - Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH 251 Bayview Boulevard Ste 200 Rm. 05A721 Baltimore MD USASébastien Anizan - Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH 251 Bayview Boulevard Ste 200 Rm. 05A721 Baltimore MD USAMoonhee Jang - National Forensic Service Seoul Republic of KoreaTimothy Brown - National Advanced Driving Simulator University of Iowa Iowa City IA USAKeming Yun - School of Forensic Medicine Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan People’s Republic of ChinaDavid Gorelick - Department of Psychiatry University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USAGary Milavetz - College of Pharmacy University of Iowa Iowa City IA USAAndrew Spurgin - College of Pharmacy University of Iowa Iowa City IA USAGary Gaffney - Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA USAMarilyn Huestis - Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH 251 Bayview Boulevard Ste 200 Rm. 05A721 Baltimore MD USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Forensic toxicology, Vol.33(2), pp.260-278
- DOI
- 10.1007/s11419-015-0269-6
- ISSN
- 1860-8965
- eISSN
- 1860-8973
- Publisher
- Springer Japan; Tokyo
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 07/2015
- Academic Unit
- Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Industrial and Systems Engineering; Pharmacy Practice and Science; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9984065319802771
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