Journal article
Cellular Stress Response to Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Human Skin Includes Highly Elevated Interleukin-6 Expression
Open forum infectious diseases, Vol.5(6), pp.ofy118-ofy118
06/01/2018
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy118
PMCID: PMC6007511
PMID: 30014002
Abstract
Abstract Background The infectious cycle of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) after reactivation from the dorsal root ganglia includes replication and assembly of complete enveloped virions in the human skin to cause the characteristic herpes zoster (shingles). Methods To pursue studies of innate immunity to VZV infection, we have adapted a fetal skin organ culture model to a human neonatal foreskin explant model. Results Abundant expression of VZV IE62, gE, and gC was visualized by confocal microscopy while numerous enveloped virions were observed by electron microscopy in infected skin organ cultures. Microarray experiments demonstrated that the patterns of upregulated transcripts differed between VZV-infected cells and VZV-infected skin explants. One result stood out, namely a >30-fold elevated interleukin (IL)-6 level in the infected skin explant that was not present in the infected monolayer culture. The IL-6 results in the polyermase chain reaction (PCR) assay were reproduced by quantitative PCR testing with newly designed primers. To determine if increased transcription was accompanied by increased IL-6 expression, we quantitated the levels of IL-6 protein in the explant media at increasing intervals after infection. We found a statistically significant increase in IL-6 protein levels secreted into the media from VZV-infected skin explants as compared with mock-infected explants. Conclusions The cellular stress response to VZV infection in neonatal skin explants included highly elevated levels of IL-6 transcription and expression. This skin organ model could be adapted to other viruses with a skin tropism, such as herpes simplex virus.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Cellular Stress Response to Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Human Skin Includes Highly Elevated Interleukin-6 Expression
- Creators
- Keith W Jarosinski - Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IowaJohn E Carpenter - Division of Infectious Diseases/Virology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IowaErin M Buckingham - Division of Infectious Diseases/Virology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IowaWallen Jackson - Division of Infectious Diseases/Virology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IowaKevin Knudtson - Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IowaJennifer F Moffat - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New YorkHirohito Kita - Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MinnesotaCharles Grose - Division of Infectious Diseases/Virology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Open forum infectious diseases, Vol.5(6), pp.ofy118-ofy118
- DOI
- 10.1093/ofid/ofy118
- PMID
- 30014002
- PMCID
- PMC6007511
- NLM abbreviation
- Open Forum Infect Dis
- ISSN
- 2328-8957
- eISSN
- 2328-8957
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000002, name: National Institutes of Health, award: AI89716; DOI: 10.13039/100000199, name: U.S. Department of Agriculture, award: 67015-24917
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 06/01/2018
- Academic Unit
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Infectious Disease (Pediatrics); Iowa Institute of Human Genetics
- Record Identifier
- 9984093352802771
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