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Central sensitization and changes in conditioned pain modulation in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a case–control study
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Central sensitization and changes in conditioned pain modulation in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a case–control study

Juliana Barbosa Corrêa, Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa, Naiane Teixeira Bastos de Oliveira, Kathleen A Sluka and Richard Eloin Liebano
Experimental brain research, Vol.233(8), pp.2391-2399
08/2015
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4309-6
PMCID: PMC4679196
PMID: 25963754
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4679196View
Open Access

Abstract

Quantitative sensory testing is widely used in human research to investigate the state of the peripheral and central nervous system contributions in pain processing. It is a valuable tool to help identify central sensitization and may be important in the treatment of low back pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in local and segmental hypersensitivity and endogenous pain inhibition in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Thirty patients with chronic low back pain and thirty healthy subjects were studied. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured from the lumbar region and over the tibialis anterior muscle (TA). A cold pressor test was used to assess the activation of conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and PPTs in the lumbar region were recorded 30 s after immersion of participant’s foot in a bucket with cold water. People with chronic low back pain have significantly lower PPT than controls at both the lumbar region [89.5 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 40.9–131.1 kPa] and TA [59.45 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 13.49–105.42 kPa]. During CPM, people with chronic low back pain have significantly lower PPT than controls in lumbar region [118.6 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 77.9–159.2 kPa]. Women had significantly lower PPTs than men in both lumbar region [101.7 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 37.9–165.7 kPa] and over the TA [189.7 kPa (mean difference) 95 % CI 14.2–145.2 kPa]. There was no significant difference in PPTs in men between healthy controls and those with low back pain, suggesting the significant differences are mediated primarily by difference between women.
Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls Low back pain Pain inhibition Central nervous system sensitization Hyperalgesia

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