Journal article
Characterization of Aerosols Containing Zn, Pb, and Cl from an Industrial Region of Mexico City
Environmental science & technology, Vol.42(19), pp.7091-7097
2008
DOI: 10.1021/es7030483
PMID: 18939531
Abstract
Recent ice core measurements show lead concentrations increasing since 1970, suggesting new nonautomobile-related sources of Pb are becoming important worldwide (1). Developing a full understanding of the major sources of Pb and other metals is critical to controlling these emissions. During the March, 2006 MILAGRO campaign, single particle measurements in Mexico City revealed the frequent appearance of particles internally mixed with Zn, Pb, Cl, and P. Pb concentrations were as high as 1.14 μg/m3 in PM10 and 0.76 μg/m3 in PM2.5. Real time measurements were used to select time periods of interest to perform offline analysis to obtain detailed aerosol speciation. Many Zn-rich particles had needle-like structures and were found to be composed of ZnO and/or Zn(NO3)2·6H2O. The internally mixed Pb−Zn−Cl particles represented as much as 73% of the fine mode particles (by number) in the morning hours between 2−5 am. The Pb−Zn−Cl particles were primarily in the submicrometer size range and typically mixed with elemental carbon suggesting a combustion source. The unique single particle chemical associations measured in this study closely match signatures indicative of waste incineration. Our findings also show these industrial emissions play an important role in heterogeneous processing of NOy species. Primary emissions of metal and sodium chloride particles emitted by the same source underwent heterogeneous transformations into nitrate particles as soon as photochemical production of nitric acid began each day at ∼7 am.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Characterization of Aerosols Containing Zn, Pb, and Cl from an Industrial Region of Mexico City
- Creators
- Ryan C Moffet - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0314, United StatesYury Desyaterik - W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United StatesVioleta Mugica - Applied Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo 180, México D.F. 02200, MexicoMario J Molina - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0314, United StatesAlexander Laskin - W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United StatesKimberly A Prather - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0314, United StatesRebecca J Hopkins - Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8226, United StatesAlexei V Tivanski - Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8226, United StatesMary K Gilles - Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8226, United StatesY Wang - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0314, United StatesV Shutthanandan - W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United StatesLuisa T Molina - Molina Center for Energy and the Environment (MCE 2 ), La Jolla, CA, United StatesRodrigo GONZALEZ ABRAHAM - Molina Center for Energy and the Environment (MCE 2 ), La Jolla, CA, United StatesKirsten S Johnson - Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Environmental science & technology, Vol.42(19), pp.7091-7097
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- DOI
- 10.1021/es7030483
- PMID
- 18939531
- ISSN
- 0013-936X
- eISSN
- 1520-5851
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2008
- Academic Unit
- Chemistry
- Record Identifier
- 9984216699902771
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