Journal article
Characterization of actions taken during the delivery of medication therapy management: A time-and-motion approach
Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, Vol.58(1), pp.61-66.e7
01/01/2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2017.09.059
PMCID: PMC5748350
PMID: 29129668
Abstract
Objectives: To characterize actions performed by pharmacists and support staff during provision of medication therapy management (MTM) and to compare actions performed according to practice characteristics.
Methods: A purposeful sample of 7 MTM practices (2 call centers and 5 community practices) was identified and visited by investigators. Pharmacists and support staff were observed during their routine provision of MTM. Investigators characterized "major" (e.g., preparation for a comprehensive medication review) and "minor" (i.e., specific steps in overarching major action) actions with the use of a time-and-motion approach.
Results: A total of 32 major and 469 minor actions were observed. Practices were characterized as Later Maturity Level or Early Maturity Level on the basis of their self-reported MTM appointment volume, self-assessment of the extent of integration of chronic care model principles, and payer mix. Later Maturity Level practices were more likely to deliver follow-up medication therapy reviews and comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) as opposed to targeted medication reviews (TMRs) and to receive physician referrals for MTM. Later Maturity Level practices were also more likely to use paid interns than pharmacy rotation students. CMR activities observed at Later Maturity Level practices lasted a median of 30.8 minutes versus 20.3 minutes for CMR activities at Early Maturity Level practices. Similarly, TMR activities observed at Later Maturity Level practices were longer: a median of 31.0 minutes versus 12.3 minutes. At Later Maturity Level practices, pharmacists spent a greater proportion of time providing patient education, while support staff spent a greater proportion of time on tasks such as capturing demographics and introducing or explaining MTM.
Conclusion: MTM activities were longer at Later Maturity Level practices, and these practices were more likely to use paid pharmacy interns and to receive physician referrals for MTM. This work provides a foundation for future research. (C) 2018 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Characterization of actions taken during the delivery of medication therapy management: A time-and-motion approach
- Creators
- Alice C. Chang - GenentechJutieh Lincoln - Purdue University West LafayetteWendy M. Lantaff - Eudaemonia Hlth, La Junta, CO USAStephanie A. Gernant - University of ConnecticutHeather A. Jaynes - Purdue University West LafayetteWilliam Doucette - University of IowaMargie E. Snyder - Purdue University West Lafayette
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, Vol.58(1), pp.61-66.e7
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.japh.2017.09.059
- PMID
- 29129668
- PMCID
- PMC5748350
- NLM abbreviation
- J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)
- ISSN
- 1544-3191
- eISSN
- 1544-3450
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Number of pages
- 13
- Grant note
- K08HS022119 / Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; United States Department of Health & Human Services; Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 01/01/2018
- Academic Unit
- Pharmacy Practice and Science
- Record Identifier
- 9984366028002771
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