Journal article
Child-Directed Speech in Noise: Testing Signal- and Code-Based Phonetic Enhancement
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research, Vol.67(1), pp.72-91
01/08/2024
DOI: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00033
Abstract
PURPOSE Talkers adapt their speech according to the demands of their listeners and the communicative context, enhancing the properties of the signal (pitch, intensity) and/or properties of the code (enhancement of phonemic contrasts). This study asked how mothers adapt their child-directed speech (CDS) in ways that might serve the immediate goals of increasing intelligibility, as well as long-term goals of supporting speech and language development in their children. METHOD Mothers (N = 28) participated in a real-time interactive speech production/perception paradigm, in which mothers instructed their young (3- to 5-year-old) children, or an adult listener, to select the picture corresponding to a target word. The task was performed at low and high levels (56 vs. 75 dB SPL) of background noise to examine the Lombard effects of decreased audibility on speech production. RESULTS Acoustic-phonetic analyses of CDS and adult-directed speech (ADS) productions of target words and carrier phrase (e.g., "Find pig") revealed that mothers significantly enhanced the mean pitch, pitch variability, and intensity of target words in CDS, particularly at higher background noise levels and for younger children. Mothers produce CDS with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than ADS. However, limited evidence was found for phonetic enhancement of the segmental properties of speech. Although increased category separation was found in the voice onset time of stop consonants, decreased vowel category separation (an anti-enhancement effect) was observed in CDS.CONCLUSIONS Mothers readily enhance the suprasegmental signal properties of their speech in CDS, but not the acoustic-phonetic properties of phonemes. This study fails to provide evidence of phonetic enhancement in preschool children in a dyadic communication task under noisy listening conditions. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24645423.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Child-Directed Speech in Noise: Testing Signal- and Code-Based Phonetic Enhancement
- Creators
- Nicholas A Smith - University of MissouriChristine A Hammans - Boys Town National Research HospitalTimothy J Vallier - Boys Town National Research HospitalBob McMurray - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Journal of speech, language, and hearing research, Vol.67(1), pp.72-91
- DOI
- 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00033
- eISSN
- 1558-9102
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 12/01/2023
- Date published
- 01/08/2024
- Academic Unit
- Otolaryngology; Psychological and Brain Sciences; Communication Sciences and Disorders; Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Linguistics
- Record Identifier
- 9984521373702771
Metrics
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